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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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During the first half of the 20th century, why was the study of congition discouraged?
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Behaviorism was theoretically dominant at that time
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What are Phonemes?
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The smallest units of sound spoken in the human language
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Ashley is just starting to show signs of understanding the meanings of farmiliar words. BAsed on research that has investigated milstones in language developement, how old should you expect ashely to be?
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8 months old.
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After the first word is spoken, which of hte following is true about the pace of vocabulary development?
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Vocabulary growth is slow for several months and then speeds up dramatically
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which of the following is emphasized by behavioral theorists, for language acquisition?
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Imitation and selective reinforcement
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Jim greeno has proposed that problems can be categorized into basic classes. which class of problems requires individuals to discover relationships between elements of a problem?
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Inducing structure
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which of the following seems to hinder problem solving in a task like luchins water jar problem
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the prsense of a mental set
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which of hte following terms is a mental "Rule of Thumb" for prblem solving?
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a heuristic
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in which type of sicety is the field dependent style predominant?
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Sedentary agricultural societies.
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Dallas is planning to buy a new computers. He will not buy a computer that has a processor speed that is less than 2.0 GHz, and he will not buy a computer that does not have at least a 40GB hard drive. which decision strategy is Dallas using?
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Elimination by aspects
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if you base the estimate of an event on how ismilar it is to the prototype of the event, what are you using?
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The representitativeness heuristic
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Walter mistakenly estimates that the probabiltiy of two seperate events occuring at the same time is higher than the probibility of either event occuring on its own. Walter mistake is an example of which of the following?
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The conjunction fallacy
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Which of the following terms is defined as the tendency to maintain an opinion, even when confronted with contradictory evidence?
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A belief perseverence
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which of the following defines framing?
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The way in which the alternatives in a decision problem are presented
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During a recent election campaign, the incumbent stated: "Only uninformed indviduals who have no understanding of basic economics would disagree with my state budget proposal." What method is incumbent using to shape public opinion?
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Anticipatory name calling
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_______________ is the area of language concerned with understanding the meaning of words and word combinations.
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Semantics
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__________ refers to the degree to which a person is socilaly and psychologically integrated into a new culture.
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Acculturation
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Compared to older children and adults, young children appear to be _________ vunerable to functional fixedness because they have less knowledge about typical uses for various objects.
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less
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When people persist in using problem-solving strategies that have worked in the past, they are displaying __________.
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mental set
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people who are field _________________ rely on internal frames of reference when analyzing and solving problems.
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Independent
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for a given individual, the personal worth of an uncertain outcome prepresents that outcome's _________________.
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subjective utility
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The __________ heuristic involves probability estimates for an outcome on the ease with which relevant examples can be retrieved from long-term memory.
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Availability heuristic
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Evolutionary theorists argue that the human mind is wired to think in terms of _________, rather than base rates and probabilities
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raw frequencies
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The ________ is the belief that the odds of an uncertain event increase when the event has not occured recently.
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gamblers' fallacy
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