Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
id
|
(instincts)- governed by pleasure principle, unconcious only, not in control, sex w/mom
|
|
|
ego
|
(executive)- governed by reality principle, un/conscious, what everyone else sees
|
|
|
superego
|
(conscience)- governed by neither, un/conscious,connects 2 together, societal standards
|
|
|
id, ego, superego
|
coexist together
|
|
|
psychodynamics
|
how these structures relate together
|
|
|
defense mechanism
|
unconscious strategy that ppl use to reduce anxity by concealing source
|
|
|
sublimation
|
ppl divert unwanted impulses into socially approved thoughts, feelings + behaviors
|
|
|
FOR- ordeal-roach
|
learn word pair, no/think about roach
A) biological bases for suppression- yes! |
|
|
Alfred Adler
|
inferiority complex + birth order
|
|
|
Jung
|
collective unconscious(same for every1) + arche types - typical ex of everybody, myers-briggs
|
|
|
Horney
|
women not motivated by penis envy,
more aggreable + confident -> more distress grumpy + low self esteem -> more distress |
|
|
sublimation (defense mechanism)
|
ppl divert unwanted impulses into socially approved thoughts, feeling or behaviors
|
|
|
Big 5 Personality Factors
|
OCEAN
Openness to experience Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism(Emotional Stability |
|
|
self-efficacy
|
how you feel about your abilities:
-how well you actually perform -how you feel about abilities in future |
|
|
types of procrastinators
|
active- do bettery putting off until last min- higher sense of self-efficacy, same gpa
passive- let things slide until last min, low self efficacy, high stress, lower gpas |
|
|
MMPI demoralization
|
inability to cope
|
|
|
Rogers and unconditional positive regard
|
an attitude of acceptance + respect on the part of an observer, no matter what a person says or does
|
|
|
MMPI-2
|
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Iventory-2, self-report test that identifies ppl with psychological difficulties and is employed to predict some everyday behaviors
|
|
|
Rorschach test
|
symmetrical visual stimuli - what does it represent?
|
|
|
TAT measures what?
|
Thematic Apperception Test measures unconcious motives
writign story |
|
|
what are gender roles?
|
set of expectations defined by a particular society that indicates what is appropriate for males + females
|
|
|
differences in communication for males + females
|
more assertive - M
looks more at other while talking- M while listening-F smiles moer- F engages more in selfdisclosure- F |
|
|
what is benevolent sexism + effects?
|
stereotyped and restrictive attitudes that appar on surface to benefit women
but, performance decreased b/c women start to ? their competence, creating anxiety, lowers ability to learn + remember |
|
|
androgynous?
|
gender roles that have psychological and behavioral traits that are typical of both sexes
-decreases child's chance of developing gender schemas |
|
|
4 stages of sexual response
|
excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
|
|
|
hostile sexism
|
anti-female, anti-affirmative action
|
|
|
*DD* permissiveness of affection?
|
belief that it's acceptable for men + women to engage in premarital sex if its in a longterm committed relationship
|
|
|
men high in RMA(rate myth acceptance) believe in what?
|
mroe likely to show a proclivity toward rape
|
|
|
% of men + women that masturbate
|
men- 61%
women- 38% |
|
|
#1 STI
|
chlamydia
|
|
|
prevalence of chlamydia/
|
most likely ages 15-19
20-24 |
|
|
cataclysmic events
|
strong stressors that occur suddenly, affect many ppl
ex) Hurricane Katrina |
|
|
personal stressors
|
major life events that have immediate consequences that fade with time
ex) loss of loved one |
|
|
background stressors
|
everyday annoyances that cause minor irritations but have no long-term consequences
|
|
|
general Adaptation syndrome steps
|
stressor -> alarm + mobilization -> resistance -> exhaustion
ex) test soon, study alot, tired sick inability to focus |
|
|
emotion-focused coping
|
make yourself feel better, don't change situation, works when situation CAN'T be changed
ex) meditation |
|
|
problem-focused coping
|
find a solution, change situation, works when situation CAN be changed
ex)study, manage your time better |
|
|
type a behavior
what it is and why dangerous |
competitiveness, urgency about time, feelings of being driven, hostility
twice as likely to develop hypertension in 15 yrs affect blood pressure + health |
|
|
positively frames messages
|
emphasives GAIN
most effective in prevention |
|
|
negatively framed messages
|
emphasizes LOSS
most effective in detection |
|
|
optimists have better immune system function when?
|
during high levels of short term stress
|
|
|
mouthwash study
|
loss frame worked better with detection
gain frame worked better with prevention |
|
|
male brain vs. female brain - try harder?
|
male- verbal
female- spatial |
|
|
assumptions of DSM-IV
|
used to classify psychological disorders
-theories should not be specified -disorders can be categorized on basis of symptoms -individuals must be diagnosed along multiple levels |
|
|
defining abnormality
|
deviation from average, deviation from ideal, a sense of personal discomfort, inability to function effectively, legal conceptions
|
|
|
FOR- creativity/madness or both
|
30 nonsense syllables w/bursts of white noise
determine when white noise comes non creative ppl did better |
|
|
5 axes of DSM-IV
|
1) clinical syndromes
2)long-standing personality problems 3)physical disorders 4)severity of stressors 5)level of functioning over the past year |
|
|
hallucination vs. delusion
|
hallucination- experience of perceiving things that do not exist
delusion- firmly held, unshakable beliefs with no basis in reality |
|
|
obsession vs. compulsion
|
obsession- presistent, unwanted thought that keeps recurring
compulsion- irresistable urge to carry out an act |
|
|
symptoms of major depressive disorders
|
-feel useless, worthless lonely
-may cry uncontrollably -sleep disturbances -risk of suicide -can last for months or years -interferes with concentration, decision making and sociability |
|
|
types of schizophrenia
|
-disorganized- innapropriate laughter, incoherent
-paranoid- unpredictable behavior, delusions + hallucinations catatonic- disturbances in movement, frozen for hours/day or wild movement undifferentiated- mixture of symptoms residual- minor signs after serious episode |
|
|
*DD* a woman meticulously scrubs her bathroom sink every night for 20 min before bed
|
what is a compulsion
|
|
|
study on BPD
|
task 1 - working memory = 3s
task 2_ anagrams dependent measures - whether they stopped and when Results: -BPD more likely to quit + less likely to do it again -BPD quit sooner - increased emotional disregulation + didn't like experiencing - emotions |
|
|
systematic desensitization
|
-gradual exposure to an anxiety-producing stimulus paired with relaxation to extinguish response to anxiety
-effective in phobias, anxiety disorders |
|
|
systematic desesitization best for?
|
snake phobia - exposure therapy (behavioral and cognitive)
|
|
|
ECT
|
electroconvulsive therapy
70-150 volts to the head, causing loss of conciousness + often seizures keeps ppl from committing suicide, but memory loss |
|
|
study on depressed patients- 1 or several treatments
|
try one thing, doesnt work, try something else
1) salaxa or ? - serotonin 5 levels- switch or stay results: 2/3 improved 1 -> 2 cognitive therapy alone = very effective but (placebo, control group, double blind)- not there |
|
|
cognitive dissonance
|
conflict that occurs when a person holds contradictory attitudes or thoughts
|
|
|
results of festingers and carlsmiths exp
|
ppl paid $1 changed attitude(more + toward boring task) than ppl paid 20$
|
|
|
dispositional causes of behavior
|
perceived causes of behavior that are based on internal traits or personality factors
|
|
|
fundamental attribution error
|
a tendency to overattribute others' behavoior to dispositional causes and the corresponding minimization of the importance of situational causes
|
|
|
Asch experiment
|
4 conformists, 1 non
75% majority 25% never conformed |
|
|
milgrams experiment
|
inflicting pain vs. obeying instructions
most ppl obeyed (voltage) |
|
|
stanford prison study
|
demonstrated that ordinary ppl could behave in "evil" ways under the right circumstances
|
|
|
sternberg's types of love
|
3 parts
1)a decision/committment component 2)intimacy component 3)passion component |
|
|
instinct theory of aggression
|
innate, inborn tendency
|
|
|
frustration-aggression hypothesis
|
aggreson is always the result of frustration
|
|
|
observational learning theory of aggression
|
a learned behavior acquired by watching others
|
|
|
in group out group bias
|
how to overcome:
-sense of group identity -working toward a common goal -extensive interaction |
|
|
social facilitation
|
-perform better on an easy task in front of audience
-perform more poorly on a difficult task in front of audience (cockroach) |
|
|
social loafing
|
several ppl working together put in less effort than one working alone
|
|
|
diffusion of responsibility
|
the greather the # of bystanders the less individual help is given
|
