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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the biopsychosocial model?
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says that physical illness is caused by a complex interaction of biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors
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What does the experience of stress depend on?
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what events one notices/how one chooses to praise/interpret them
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2 DISTINCTIONS of the nature of stressful events
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acute/chronic
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4 major types of stress
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frustration
change conflict pressure |
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2 common kinds of frustration
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failures
losses |
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3 types of conflict
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approach approach
avoidance avoidance approach avoidance |
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what are life change
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significant alterations of one's living circumstances,
including positive circmstances |
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Homes and Rahe developed ____ to measure life change as a form of stress
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SRRS: Social readjustment rating scale
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how many major life events are numerical values assigned to
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43 major life events
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what are the numerical values of the SRRS supposed to reflect
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the magnitud of the readjustment required by each change
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higher scores on the SRRS tend to be more vulnerable to what
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physical illnesses
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what causes most of the stress tapped by the SRRS
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negative events
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we can analyze a persons stress level through what 3 responses
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emotional, physiological, behavioral
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investigators focus heavily on what connection
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stress/negative emotions
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frequency of pleasant emotions correlated positively with what
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resiliency- flexibility
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what role do positive emotions have
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key role in helping people bounce back from difficulties
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what does frederick's broaden-and-build theory say?
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1. positive emotions alter people's mindsets (broadens creativity)
2. undos the lingering effects of negative emotions 3. promotes rewarding social interactions that heap to build valuable social support |
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what can high emotional arousal interfere with?
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attention, memory span, decision making, etc
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What does the inverted hypothesis predict?
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performance should improve with increased emotional arousal (up to a certain point)
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what does walter cannon's fight or flight response say
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physiological reaction threat in which the ANS mobilizes the organism for attracting/fleeing from an enemY?
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What is the fight or flight mediated by?
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sympathetic nervous s
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how is the fight or flight responses seen in humans?
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less adaptive in our world today bc it can't solve our problems
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what is the general adaptation syndrone?
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1. alarm
2. resistance 3. exhaustion |
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path 1 of the endocrine system
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hypothalamus --> adrenal medulla --> catecholamines (mobilizes body for fight response)
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path 2 of the endocrine system
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endocrine--> pituary gland --> ACTH --> adrenal cortex --> corticosteroids (inhibitss inflammation)
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what is learned helplessness
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passive behavior produced by exposure to unavoidable, aversive effects; occurs when indivs believe that events are beyond their control
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what is catastrophic thinking
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causes, aggravates, and perpetuates emotional reactions to stress that are problematic
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what does the frustration-aggression hypothesis say
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aggression is always caused by frustration
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what is catharsis? what does freud say about it and what does actual research say
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releasing emotions is catharsis- freud said that releasing emotions were good; research says it makes it worse
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what 5 defense mechanisms are there
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denial
fantasy intellectualization undoing overcompensation |
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are defensive mechanisms unconscious/conscious
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both
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what constructive coping methods are there
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1. confronting problems directly
2. based on realistic appraisals of stress resources 3. involves learning to reorganize reactions to stress 4. making efforts to ensure that body isn't vulnerable to stress |
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what is bausmesiter's theory?
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the pressure to perofrm makes people self conscious and that elevated self consciousness can disrupt atention
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stress disrupts what fraction of the aspects of attention
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disrupts 2/3 of attention
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keinen said that stress increased the tendency to:
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1. jump to conclusions quicly
2. unsystematic, poorly organized view of their available options |
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what is central to burnout
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exhastion
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how is cynicism mainfested
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through highly negative attitude toward oneself, ones work, and life in genersl
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what is burnout associated with
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varieyt of occupations
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resilience seen in what percentage of people
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35-55 percent
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what are psychosomatic diseases
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actual physical ailments that were caused by stress/psychological factors
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what is the principal cause of coronary heart disease
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arthersoclerosis
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what is artherosclerosis
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clogging up of arteries bc of fat deposits; more common in men
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what is an indicator of inflammation
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CRP: c-reactive protein
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who came up with the a/b personalities
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freidman/rosenman
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type a personality:
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ambitious perfectionists who are quick to anger
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type b personality:
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relaxed, patient, easy going, less competitive
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the immune system depends on actions specialized by the what:
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lymphocytes -white blood cells
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chronic stresses can reduce both____ and ______responses
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cellular immune responses and human immune responses
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stress contributes to the ____ of illness
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causation
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correlation between stress and health
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.2 --> .3
modest correlation |
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what is the pessimistic explanatory style
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people blame setbacks on own personal shortcomings
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what is the optimistic explanatory style
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leads people to attribute setbacks to temporary situational factors
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what effect does conscientiousness have on health
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it causes people to gravitate to healthy environments; less reactive to stress; fosters better health habits
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what percentage of men/women smoke on a reg basis
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men-24 percent
women-18 percent |
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smoking shortens the life span by how much
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13-14 years
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those high in fitness have a ____% reduced mortality rate
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70
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what does fitness do: 4 things
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1. enhances cardiovascular fitness
2. indirectly reduce's ones risk for obesity related health problems 3. helps diminish chronic inflammation 4. serves as a buffer that reduces the potentially damaging effects |
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what is the treatment of aids called
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HAART
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what did albert ellis believe
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that people can short circuit their actions by altering their appraisals of stressful events
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rational emotive behavior therapy says what
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maintains that you feel the way you think
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what is the pessimistic explanatory style
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people blame setbacks on own personal shortcomings
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what is the optimistic explanatory style
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leads people to attribute setbacks to temporary situational factors
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what effect does conscientiousness have on health
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it causes people to gravitate to healthy environments; less reactive to stress; fosters better health habits
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what percentage of men/women smoke on a reg basis
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men-24 percent
women-18 percent |
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smoking shortens the life span by how much
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13-14 years
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those high in fitness have a ____% reduced mortality rate
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70
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what does fitness do: 4 things
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1. enhances cardiovascular fitness
2. indirectly reduce's ones risk for obesity related health problems 3. helps diminish chronic inflammation 4. serves as a buffer that reduces the potentially damaging effects |
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what is the treatment of aids called
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HAART
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what did albert ellis believe
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that people can short circuit their actions by altering their appraisals of stressful events
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rational emotive behavior therapy says what
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maintains that you feel the way you think
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2 ways you can reduce your unrealistic appraisals of stress
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1. learning how to detect catastrophic thinking,
2. learning to dispute the irrational assumptions that cause it |
