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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
validity of a psychological test refers to...
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accuracy (measures what it says it's measuring)
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cronbach and others said all types of validity are subcategories of...
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construct validity
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mr. sanchez had a hearing impairment but passed the test to become a radio operator because the test didn’t measure hearing acuity. what kind of problem is this?
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construct under representation
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the problem with using the GRE to determine whether students who have already been admitted to graduate school should be given their degrees is what?
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it's contaminated (criterion-related validity)
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concurrent and predictive validity are both subcategories of...
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criterion-related validity
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which types of validity are logistical and not statistical?
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content and face
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to develop a test with construct validity, what types of validity evidence are needed?
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convergent and divergent
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the extent to which a test is valid for making statements about the criterion is represented by what?
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validity coefficient
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validity is...
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the degree to which a test actually measures what it purports to measure.
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a review of many studies showed that expectancy effects exist in __________ situations.
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some but not all situations
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miss amy reported that interrater reliability of the observers in her experiment was quite high during training. you should...
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check afterwards. reliability is always increased during training and drops afterwards because of observation.
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upon repeated applications of the same test, performance on the 2nd application may be affected by previous experience with the test. This is known as _____________.
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practice effect
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in general the average person’s ability to detect when someone is lying is ______________.
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most people poorly detect liars
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when helen was being trained to record the behavior of 200 animals, her performance increased when her instructor was watching. This is an example of ____________.
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reactivity
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The Rosenthaal Effect occurs when __________________?
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The experimenter expects to find something.
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Studies on computer-administered interviews have shown what?
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Just as reliable; students may be more honest
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(2) what affects child assessment.
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Reinforcing responses effect. Children who took test in a disapproving group scored lower.
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The reciprocal nature of interviewing means what?
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Want interaction. Share factors.
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This is a special type of interview used primarily to diagnose psychosis, brain damage, and other major mental health problems.
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mental status examination
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Although interviewers normally avoid _______________ statements, they may be necessary when interviewing a child or someone with mental retardation.
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probing
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A transitional phrase is __________ (what? When used?)
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“yes” “I see” keeps it flowing with minimal effort.
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Good interview behavior is more a matter of ____________ than ________________.
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Attitude, skill
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Reliability runs _______________ for structured interviews, as it does for unstructured interviews.
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twice as high
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Structured clinical interviews have been criticized because ________________ (why?)
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Requires cooperation and relies exclusively on the respondent making the assumptions questionable.
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Which of the following is not one of the four suggestions for handling cross-ethnic, cross-cultural, and cross-class interviews?
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The suggestions are:
Increase cultural awareness Know yourself Be flexible Look beyond yourself |
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Accurate empathy ___________________ self-exploration.
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leads to
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The main improvement of the 1908 Binet-Simons scale was the introduction of what?
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mental age and mental scale
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The first version of the Stanford-Binet to include non-whites in the standardization sample was which?
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1972
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Scores from the Stanford-Binet have a mean of _________ and a SD of __________.
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10; 3 (formerly 100 and 16)
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Binet believed that human intelligence was expressed through what?
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Find and maintain a definite direction or purpose.
Make necessary adaptation to achieve that purpose. Engage in self-criticism so necessary adjustments in strategy can be made. |
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The IQ concept was introduced when?
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1916 Stanford-Binet
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To support the notion of G, Spearman developed a statistical technique called what?
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Factor analysis
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Intelligence Quotient is determined by the formula what?
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chronological age divided into mental age
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The similarities subtest of the WAIS measures what?
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abstract thinking
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The Weschler Preschool and Priamry Scale of Intelligence is designed for whom?
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2 1/2 - 4 1/2 yr olds
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IQ scores are determined on the WAIS by what?
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crystalized and fluid intelligence
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An IQ score based on one of the alternatives (other than Weschler or Stanford-Binet) ……what do we know about them?
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weaker psychometrics
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Among his motivations for the development of the Wechsler scales of intelligence, was Wechsler’s belief that _____________________________
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Believed IQ tests were a way to peer into an individual’s personality and were not based on theory.
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Much of the controversy regarding testing has centered on the finding that on average the IQ scores of African Americans are _________________
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lower
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What test covers the youngest age range for infant and preschool tests?
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Brazelton
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The Bayley II is designed to be used with children what age?
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1-42 months
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Currently in order to be eligible for special education on the basis of a learning disability, under federal and most state laws, children must _______________ what?
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qualify through testing; parents must consent
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Which of the following is not a possible reason for errors on the Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test?
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A mental age less than 9
Brain damage Nonverbal learning disabilities Emotional problems |
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The developmental quotient is employed in what?
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Gesell Developmental Schedules
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Which of the following was designed as a downward extension of the Stanford-Binet scale?
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Cattell Infant Intelligence Scale
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Picture completion, block design, and matrix reasoning are components of which index?
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WAIS-III
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An improvement in the WISC IV is its emphasis on what?
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verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, processing speed, working memory
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content validity ratio
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uses judge of panels to rate usefulness on 3 pt scale: essential, useful but not necessary, not necessary
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how calculate cvr
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# of panelists rating item "essential" - total number of panelists/2 then divide by total number of panelists/2
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types of evidence of validity
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construct, criterion, content
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for validity, reliability is...
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necessary but not sufficient
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types of validity
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face, content, criterion, construct
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evidence for construct validity
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convergent and discriminant (divergent)
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7 sources of validity
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1-internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha)
2-external criteria correlations 3-test score increases/decreases over time 4-Score differences between groups theorized to differ according to the construct 5-convergent validity 6-discriminant validity 7-factor analysis |
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classical test score theory
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observed score=true score+error
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