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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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archetype
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unconscious images inherited from our ancestors
Ex: mother, God, sun |
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collective unconscious
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contains memories and behaviors inherited from our ancestors
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personifications
(what is it and who's idea is it? |
Sullivan's idea. - mental images of other people and ourselves which are developed in early childhood.
Ex: good mother -warmth and tenderness |
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Sullivan's focus
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on adolescence and personifications *good me, bad me, not me*
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Adler's focus
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feelings of inferiority
striving for superiority parenting styles effects on personality development *pampering and neglect* birth order |
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Jung's focus
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personal and collective unconscious
archetypes |
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Horney's focus
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environmental factors are most important in shaping personality
Anxiety is a strong motivating force for behavior that develops from parenting behavior Children develop neurotic styles to cope with anxiety *submission, aggression, detachment* |
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Strengths of Neo Freudian Theory
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life experiences make you who you are. Emphasized early childhood and late life. More optimistic
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Weaknesses of Neo Freudian theory
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not much empirical work, observations were on a small number of people that were usually disturbed so there is low external validity
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reformulation of the aggression hypothesis
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Focus on unpleasantness instead of frustration. We are aggressive to the extent that an event/something is unpleasant
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object relations theory
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great emphasis on early childhood experiences, specifically relationships as a young infant with the parent/mother. The child develops unconscious representations of significant objects in his/her environment and internalizes them, making them a basis for future relationships
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traits -
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people possess broad predispositions to behave in a particular way. Building blocks of personality
2 assumptions *stable across time and situation* |
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Differences between trait and psychoanalytic theories
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Trait theorists are academic theorists, they focus on describing and predicting behavior, focus on the conscious level of awareness, predict group behavior
Psychoanalyists are psychotherapists, they focus on the unconscious motives for behavior, focus on unconscious level of awareness, predict individual behavior |
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Allport's focus
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introduced traits to the field of psychology. Came up with common traits and personal traits
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where to traits come from?
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we have no personality at birth, traits emerge through learning, maturation, and socialization
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functional autonomy of motives
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behaviors are originally undertaken to satisfy extrinsic goals, but eventually become intrinsically satisfying
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propium
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all various aspects of a person that make them unique. Synonym of the self
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Cattell's focus
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goal is to discover basic elements of human personality and to figure out how many traits are there?
Came up with factor analysis and surface/source personality traits |
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Murray's focus
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personology - focus on understanding the individual person and not a group of people
Psychogenic needs Press Need for achievement was the strongest motivating force behind behavior |
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psychogenic needs
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personology - focus on understanding the individual person and not a group of people
Psychogenic needs - the readiness to respond in a certain way under given conditions Murray's idea |
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press
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the environmental forces that interact with needs to determine behavior
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weaknesses of trait approach
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some think that traits are not stable and fluctuate over time and across situations.
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Strengths of trait approach
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significant amount of research and much experimentation, practical application
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nomothetic approach
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researchers assume that all people can be described along a single dimension according to their level of a particular trait
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idiographic approach
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identifying the unique combination of traits that best accounts for the personality of a single individual
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achievement motivation
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Murray's idea that this was the main cause of human behavior. A high need for achievement means a desire for certain accomplishments
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how does achievement motivation originate
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connection between achievement motivation and socialization and parental influence
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