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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dr. Ligorano has devoted his professional life to researching the desires and needs that energize and direct behavior. His
area of research has obviously been |
motivation
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An instinctive behavior is one that
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has all of these characteristics: is common to an entire species; is rigidly patterned; is unlearned.
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It is characteristic of robins to build nests. This is an example of
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an instinct
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Like evolutionary psychology, instinct theory most clearly assumed that behavior is influenced by
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genetic predispositions
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A drive refers to
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an aroused, motivated state that is often triggered by a physiological need
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The body's tendency to maintain a constant internal state is known as
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homeostasis
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When we are too hot, we perspire in order to lower our body temperature and thereby
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maintains homeostasis
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An incentive is a
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positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.
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The arousal theory of motivation would be most useful for explaining an infant's urge to
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explore
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Professor Sanford explains that the need for physical safety must be met before city dwellers will be motivated to form
close friendships with neighbors. Professor Sanford is providing an example of |
a hierarchy of motives
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Prisoners of war placed on a semistarvation diet in which their food intake is cut in half are likely to
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spend a great deal of time daydreaming about food
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. The specific body weight maintained automatically by most adults over long periods of time is known as the
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set point
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A drop in basal metabolic rate is most likely to result from
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semistarvation diet
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Some researchers prefer the term settling point to set point because the typical body weight of an adult is influenced by
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environmental and biological factors
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A violent illness that follows our eating of a particular food is likely to influence our taste preferences. This illustrates
that taste preferences are influenced by |
learning experiences
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When encouraged to eat as much as they want, people tend to eat less if the foods are offered in smaller rather than
larger portion sizes. This illustrates |
unit bias
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Chiara, a 14-year-old, is of average height but weighs only 80 pounds. She has lost 30 pounds over the last six months
by eating very little and running five miles a day. She is determined not to become overweight and ignores her parents' suggestion that she should eat well-balanced meals. Chiara suffers from |
anorexia nervosa
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Sixteen-year-old Jill loves ice cream and other rich foods, but she has become increasingly anxious about gaining too much weight. Jill frequently overeats and then intentionally vomits in an attempt to control her weight. Jill most clearly suffers from
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bulimia nervosa
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Those who engage in spurts of excessive overeating, followed by remorse—but do not binge, purge, fast, or exercise
excessively—are said to have |
binge eating disorder
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In a study at the University of Michigan, men and women donned either a sweater or a swimsuit and completed a math
test while alone in a changing room. Wearing the swimsuit disrupted the math performance of |
for the women not the men
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Professor Lindstrom emphasizes that eating disorders involve the interactive influence of mood, basal metabolic rates,
and cultural standards of beauty. The professor's emphasis best illustrates |
biopsychosocial approach
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Whenever people face famine, obesity is a sign of
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high social status
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Obesity increases the risk of
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all of the above: a sexual disorder; high social status; bulimia nervosa
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Rudy has been on a strict diet of 1000 calories per day for the last six weeks. He lost considerably more weight in the
first three weeks of his diet than in the last three because |
his metabolic rate has decreased
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People are more vulnerable to obesity if they experience
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sleep deprivation
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Among dieters who consciously restrain their eating, the urge to eat is likely to be unleashed by
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drinking alcohol
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The time span after orgasm during which a male cannot be aroused to another orgasm is called
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refractory period
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Secretion of the female hormones, the estrogens, peaks during
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ovulation
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An integrated understanding of sexual motivation in terms of sex hormones, sexual fantasies, and cultural values is most
clearly provided by |
biopsychosocial approach
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Research suggests that after 18-year-old Kalani has looked at magazine pictures of sexually attractive women, he will be
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less likely to perceive his girlfriend as attractive.
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High rates of sexual activity among American teens can be attributed in part to the fact that
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most teens overestimate their peers' sexual activity
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Compared with girls living in father-absent families, girls with fathers present are less likely to experience
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teen pregnancy
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Both religious activity and participation in service learning programs are predictors of
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teen sexual abstinence
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The incidence of male homosexuality has been found to be slightly higher than usual among
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men who have older brothers
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A mother's immune system may have a defensive response to substances produced by male fetuses. This is most likely
to contribute to |
fraternal-birth order effect
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Research on the causes of homosexuality suggests that
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genetic influence plays a role in sexual orientation.
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Professor Fiekema claims that people are genetically predisposed to live in groups because social attachments enhanced
the survival and reproductive success of our human ancestors. The professor'ssuggestion best illustrates |
evolutionary perspective
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The anterior cingulate cortex shows increased activity in response to both physical pain and
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social facilitation
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Those who view their work as a fulfilling and socially useful activity are said to view work as a
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calling
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A high level of satisfaction with one's work is most likely to be reported by those who frequently experience
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flow
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Matt is student who becomes so fully absorbed in his course studies that he completely loses his awareness of how long
he has been working. Matt's experience best illustrates |
flow
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Human factors psychology is one of the three main subfields of
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industrial organization psychology
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Which of the following is generally the poorest predictor of future job performance?
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evaluations from informal interviews
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The practice of 360-degree feedback is most clearly designed to improve
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performance appraisal
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Paul is seldom absent from work. However, an illness the previous week forced him to miss work for a day, and his
supervisor evaluated his performance less positively than was warranted. This best illustrates the supervisor's vulnerability to |
recency error
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A desire to pursue high standards and significant accomplishments is indicative of
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achievement motivation
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Business units with high levels of employee engagement experience
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more organizational productivity and less employee turnover.
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Managers with a social leadership style would be most likely to
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mediate a personal dispute between two argumentative employees.
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By transforming a command-and-control work management process to a joint-vision process, companies are likely to
foster |
employment engagement
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