Psych Test Bank 1 Chapter 14

Psychiatrists and psychologists label behavior as disordered when it is

A) aggressive, persistent, and intentional.
B) selfish, habitual, and avoidable.
C) deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional.
D) biologically influenced, unconsciously motivated, and difficult to change.

Ongoing patterns of behavior that are different from those of most other people in your culture are best characterized as

A) deviant.

B) disinhibiting.

C) dysfunctional.

D) disorganized

Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are major symptoms of

A) OCD.

B) PTSD.

C) ADHD.

D) DID.

According to the medical model, psychological disorders are

A) sicknesses that need to be diagnosed and cured.
B) maladaptive responses to a troubling environment.

C) purely imaginary symptoms of distress.

D) learned habits that need to be extinguished.

The medical model of psychologically disordered behavior is most likely to be criticized for neglecting the importance of

A) social circumstances and psychological factors.
B) biological evolution.

C) the DSM-IV-TR.

D) genetically influenced abnormalities.

Many clinicians diagnose disorders by answering questions from five levels of the

A) MDMA.

B) DSM-IV-TR.

C) PTSD.

D) THC.

A fundamental problem with the diagnostic labeling of psychologically disordered behaviors is that the labels often

A) bias our perceptions of the labeled person.
B) represent attempts by psychologists to explain behavior by simply naming it.
C) interfere with effective research on the causes of these disorders.
D) interfere with effective treatment of these disorders.

When children are told that certain classmates have learning disabilities, they may behave in ways that inhibit the success of those students in the classroom. This best illustrates the dangers of

A) the medical model.
B) linkage analysis.

C) self-fulfilling prophecies.

D) the psychoanalytic perspective.

Maladaptive behaviors that reduce worry and fear are most indicative of

A) bipolar disorder.

B) an anxiety disorder.

C) catatonia.

D) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Kaylee is so afraid of spiders and insects that she avoids most outdoor activities and even refuses to go to the basement of her own house alone. Kaylee appears to suffer from

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

B) histrionic personality disorder.

C) bipolar disorder.

D) a phobia.

Cecil is preoccupied with thoughts of jumping out the window of his tenthfloor apartment. To reduce his anxiety, he frequently counts his heartbeats aloud. Cecil would most likely be diagnosed as experiencing

A) panic disorder.
B) hypochondriasis.

C) generalized anxiety disorder.

D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Obsessions are

A) persistent, irrational fears of specific objects or situations.
B) false beliefs of persecution or grandeur.
C) periodic episodes of intense dread accompanied by frightening physical sensations.
D) offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person.

The social withdrawal and haunting nightmares of battle-scarred war veterans best illustrate symptoms of

A) DID.

B) ADHD.

C) OCD.

D) PTSD.

Two years after being brutally beaten and raped, Brianna still experiences jumpy anxiety and has trouble sleeping and vivid flashbacks of her assault. Brianna is most clearly showing signs of

A) panic disorder.
B) post-traumatic stress disorder.

C) generalized anxiety disorder.

D) conversion disorder.

Most political dissidents who survive dozens of episodes of torture do not later exhibit PTSD. This best illustrates survivor

A) mania.

B) catatonia.

C) dissociation.

D) resiliency.

A person attacked by a fierce dog develops a fear of all dogs. This best illustrates

A) a conversion disorder.

B) agoraphobia.

C) stimulus generalization.

D) linkage analysis.

Julius is obsessed with avoiding germs and feels compelled to bathe at least 10 times a day. His therapist suggests that Julius continues his maladaptive bathing because this behavior temporarily reduced his anxiety on many past occasions. The therapist's suggestion most directly reflects a ________ perspective.

A) biological

B) learning

C) psychoanalytic

D) humanistic

A psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a bodily form without apparent physical cause is a

A) personality disorder.

B) somatoform disorder.

C) mood disorder.

D) dissociative disorder.

Misinterpreting normal physical sensations as symptoms of a dreaded disease is indicative of

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

B) catatonia.

C) hypochondriasis.

D) mania.

Disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity are most characteristic of ________ disorders.

A) somatoform

B) obsessive-compulsive

C) generalized anxiety

D) dissociative

Exhibiting two or more distinct and alternating personalities is a symptom of a(n)

A) conversion disorder.
B) dissociative disorder.

C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

D) antisocial personality disorder.

The prominent feature of mood disorders is the experience of

A) social phobia.

B) flat affect.

C) emotional extremes.

D) paranoia.

A major depressive disorder is most likely to be characterized by

A) delusions of persecution.
B) alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism.
C) a persistent irrational fear of other people.
D) feelings of personal worthlessness.

For the last month, Gabrielle has felt lethargic and has been unable to get out of bed in the morning. She has withdrawn from friends and family because she feels worthless and nlovable. Gabrielle is most likely suffering from

A) agoraphobia.

B) major depressive disorder.

C) PTSD.

D) antisocial personality disorder.

A disorder in which an individual is overexcited, hyperactive, and wildly optimistic is known as

A) paranoia.

B) mania.

C) a panic attack.

D) hypochondriasis.

In which disorder do people alternate between states of lethargic hopelessness and wild overexcitement?

A) conversion disorder

B) bipolar disorder

C) obsessive-compulsive disorder

D) schizophrenia

Cognitive changes that accompany depression include a(n)

A) decrease in self-focused thinking.
B) increased expectation of negative outcomes.
C) increased externalization of blame.
D) increased obsession with experiencing physical pleasure.

The risk of suicide is greatest when people

A) anticipate the onset of a depressive episode.
B) experience the first symptoms of a depressive episode.
C) experience depressive symptoms at their most extreme levels of severity.
D) begin to rebound from their depression.

Inanna suffers from chronic depression. According to the social-cognitive perspective, how is she most likely to respond when told that she performed very poorly on a test she took the previous day?

A) “I'm academically incompetent and always will be.”
B) “Yesterday was just my unlucky day.”
C) “I suspect that none of the students in my class did well on that test.”
D) “Hardly any of the professors are effective teachers.”

Jabar, a 25-year-old auto mechanic, thinks he is Napoleon. He further believes he is being imprisoned against his will in the psychiatric hospital where his relatives have brought him for treatment. Jabar is most likely suffering from

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

B) schizophrenia.

C) panic disorder.

D) conversion disorder.

A breakdown in selective attention is most likely to be experienced by those who suffer from

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

B) phobias.

C) generalized anxiety disorders.

D) schizophrenia.

One of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia is

A) an expressionless face.
B) loud and meaningless talking.

C) inappropriate laughter.

D) uncontrollable outbursts of rage.

Low birth weight is a known risk factor for

A) dissociative identity disorder.
B) major depressive disorder.

C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

D) schizophrenia.

An adopted child's chances of developing schizophrenia ________ if the biological parents have schizophrenia. The child's chances ________ if the adopted parents have schizophrenia.

A) increase; increase
B) do not increase; do not increase

C) increase; do not increase

D) do not increase; increase

Psychologists are LEAST likely to suggest that ________ contribute(s) to the development of schizophrenia.

A) neglectful child-rearing practices
B) prenatal viral infections

C) dopamine overactivity

D) shrinkage of cerebral tissue

Those with narcissistic personality disorder are likely to be preoccupied with

A) an irrational fear of people.
B) delusions of persecution.

C) physical symptoms of distress.

D) their own self-importance.

The distinctive older term psychopath refers to an individual with

A) schizophrenia.
B) bipolar disease.

C) dissociative identity disorder.

D) antisocial personality disorder.

Antisocial personality disorder is most likely to be characterized by

A) a persistent, irrational fear of people.
B) episodes of intense autonomic nervous system arousal.
C) disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity.
D) a lack of guilt feelings.

A World Health Organization study of 20 countries estimated that ________ had the highest prevalence of mental disorders during the prior year.

A) Japan

B) Germany

C) Mexico

D) the United States

Researchers have suggested that the role-playing of fantasy-prone patients in response to the leading questions of therapists has often contributed to

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) dissociative identity disorder.

C) bipolar disorder.

D) agoraphobia.