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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The study of mental disorders, including thought disorders, emotional disorders, and personality disorders
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Abnormal psychology
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Whatever is rare, not frequent, and not statistically normal
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Abnornal (Statistical Definition)
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Whatever society does not tolerate
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Abnormal (Social Definition)
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The study of mental disorders
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Psychopathology
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Widely accepted system for diagnosing and describing mental disorders and behavioral problems
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (DSM-IV)
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Enduring pattern of experience and behavior that differs greatly from expectations of a person’s culture
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Personality Disorder
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Three groups of Personality Disorders
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Erratic, Eccentric, Anxious
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Persons with these disorders appear emotional, and have difficulties getting along with others (Emotional, Violent, Unpredictable)
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Erratic
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Persons with these disorders appear odd and do not get along well with others
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Eccentric
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Persons with these disorders appear fearful, apprehensive, and have trouble with social relationships
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Anxious
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Total prevalence rate for having a personality disorder
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13%
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Having 2 or more disorders at the same time
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Comorbidity
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Clinician attempts to find data/evidence in support of one diagnostic category over another.
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Differential diagnosis
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Distinctions between normal personality traits and disorders are in terms of extremity, rigidity, maladaptiveness
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Dimensional Model of Personality Disorders
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Three Mechanisms of Social Interaction
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Selection, Evocation, Manipulation
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People are attracted to those who have different personality dispositions
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Complementary Needs
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People are attracted to those who have similar personality characteristics.
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Attraction Similarity
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People are married to people who are similar to themselves
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Assortative Mating
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Tendency to feel tense, worried, and anxious during social interactions or even when anticipating social interactions
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Shyness
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The most favored characteristic in choosing a spouse
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Mutual attraction/love is
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Tendency to infer hostile intent on the part of others in the face of uncertain behavior from others
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Hostile Attributional Bias
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Aggression from others evokes _________ in others
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Hostility
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The strongest predictors of upset are
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Low agreeableness and emotional instability
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People’s beliefs about personality characteristics of others cause them to evoke in others actions that are consistent with initial beliefs
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Expectancy confirmation
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____ people use coercion and responsibility invocation to manipulate
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High Surgency
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____ people use self-abasement, hardball to manipulate
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Low Surgency
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_____ people use pleasure induction, reason to manipulate
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High Agreeable
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_____ people use coercion, silent treatment to manipulate
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Low Agreeable
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____people use reason to manipulate
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High Conscientiousness
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_____ people use regression to manipulate
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Emotionally Unstable
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___people use reason, pleasure induction, responsibility invocation to manipulate
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High intellect-openness
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____people use social comparison to manipulate
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Low intellect-openness
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Manipulative strategy of social interaction, personality style that uses other people as tools for personal gain
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Machiavellianism
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Those high on _______ are exhibitionistic, grandiose, self-centered, interpersonally exploitative
(Narcissism) |
Narcissism
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Associate with people who admire them, who will reflect positive view they hold of themselves
(Narcissism) |
Selection
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Exhibitionism splits people—some view them as brilliant and entertaining, others as selfish and boorish
(Narcissism) |
Evocation
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Highly exploitative of others
(Narcissism) |
Manipulation
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Transitory, depend more on the situation than on a specific person
(Emotion) |
Emotional States
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Pattern of emotional reactions that a person consistently experiences across a variety of life situations
(Emotion) |
Emotional Traits
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The ratio of one’s accomplishments to one’s aspirations.
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William James definition of happiness
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Satisfy one’s desires and engage in the hedonistic pursuit of pleasure.
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Rousseau definition of happiness
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Personality causes a person to create a certain lifestyle, and lifestyle causes emotion reactions (Personality and well being)
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Indirect model
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Personality causes emotional reactions (Personality and well being)
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Direct model
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Best predictor of responsiveness to positive mood induction is ______
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Extraversion
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Best predictor of responsiveness to negative mood induction is ______
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Neuroticism
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Neuroticism is due primarily to the tendency of the limbic system in the brain to become easily activated
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Eysenck’s biological theory
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Stressful life event triggers depression among those with pre-existing vulnerability
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Diathesis-stress model
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Certain cognitive style is a pre-existing condition that makes people vulnerable to depression
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Beck’s cognitive theory
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Type __ personality: Syndrome or a cluster of traits, including achievement strivings, impatience, competitiveness, hostility
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Type A Personality
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