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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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You know you're eating too much junk food and that it's bad for your energy and health. Which of the following will not reduce your dissonance? |
Accepting the fact that your attitudes and behavior simply conflict |
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You are reading a blog by someone whose point of view is really making you angry. Which of her arguments are you most likely to focus on and remember? |
Her silliest claims, because they are consonant with your opinion that she is a silly person |
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Who is likely to feel the greatest dissonance after making a colossal blunder? |
A person with high self-esteem |
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You are eager to persuade your fellow classmates to vote in an important upcoming election. Which of these ways of persuasion is most likely to work? |
"You're a voter, don't forget the election is Tuesday" |
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Post-decision dissonance has been observed in many groups. Which of the following is NOT one of them? |
Students studying for exams |
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When does "saying become believing"? |
When you claim to have an opinion that differs from your true beliefs for no strong reason |
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What is the "hypocrisy paradigm" in experimental research? |
Making participants aware of their own hypocrisy in not practicing what they preach |
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In terms of dissonance theory, what is the primary reason that "we" (our side) often dehumanize "them", the enemy, seeing them as animals, brutes, or monsters |
Our side has treated the enemy brutally and needs to justify these actions |
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Your best friend has joined a cult called "The Fellowship of Feeling". He had to spend a month in a set of increasingly severe hazing rituals; pay an $8,000 membership fee; and go along to watch older members find homeless people to harass and beat up. Your friend loves this group and keeps urging you to join. What principle of dissonance is likely operating on your friend? |
The justification of effort |
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For years you have believed that eating kumquats is really good for your health. You drink kumquat juice and buy the highest-premium kumquats bars, and you've run a pro-kumquats website for years. Now you learn that a major review of 18 studies has found that kumquats have no benefits and are even potentially harmful. What would be the most constructive way for you to reduce your dissonance caused by this discovery? |
"I thought I was doing the right thing, but I'm glad to have better information" |
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All of the following are true about attitudes EXCEPT one. Which one is false? |
Attitudes rarely change over time |
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Paige wants to buy a puppy. She does some research and decides to buy an English Springer Spaniel rather than a Great Dane because they are smaller, more active, and good with children. Which type of attitude influenced her decision? |
Cognitively base attitude |
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On a survey, Marquel reports that he agrees with wearing a seatbelt. According to the theory of planned behavior, which of the following would be the best predictor of whether Marquel will wear a seatbelt on a given day? |
His best friend, Trevor, who is always talking about how important it is to wear a seatbelt, is in the car with him |
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People will be most likely to change their attitudes about smoking if an antismoking advertisement? |
Uses graphic pictures of the damages of smoking on the body and then provides specific |
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Emilia would be most likely to pay attention to facts about the danger if AIDS during a school assembly and remember the facts for a long time if |
The speaker emphasized how the disease has spread in her community and there isn't anything distracting Emilia from listening |
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You are trying to sell a new electronic toothbrush at the airport to busy, distracted travelers. Which of the following strategies is LEAST likely to be successful at getting people to buy a toothbrush? |
Make u a flier that gives convincing reasons why the toothbrush is so good |
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Under which of the following conditions would people be most likely to vote for a political candidate? They |
Know little about the candidate's policies but have positive feelings toward him or her |
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Suppose that while you are watching a film at a movie theater the words "Drink Coke" are flashed on the screen at speeds too quick for you to see consciously. According to research on subliminal perception, which of the following is true? |
You will be no more likely to buy a Coke than if the subliminal messages were not flashed |
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All of the following are examples of ways to resist persuasion EXCEPT |
Forbidding people to buy a product |
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According to reactance theory, what of the following public service messages would be LEAST likely to get people to wear seatbelts |
"It's the law---you must wear your seatbelt" |
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Which of the following statements is least true, according to the research on self-knowledge? |
The best way to "know thyself" is to look inward, introspecting about ourselves |
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Which is the following is not a function of the self? |
Self-criticism |
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On Halloween, you decide to do an experiment. When the trick-or-treaters arrive at your house, you have them stand in a line on your front porch. You stay outside with the group and let each child enter your house individually. You tell them they can take one piece of candy from the bowl that is sitting on the table. Half of the time you put the candy bowl in front of a big mirror. The other half of the time there is no mirror present. All of the children may be tempted to take more than one piece of candy. Which children will be LEAST likely to give in to temptation? |
Those in mirror condition |
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Which of the following is most true? |
People who live in parts of the United States and Canada that were settled by European more recently have more of an independent sense of self than people who live in parts of those countries that were settled earlier |
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Your little sister enjoys taking time out of her day to make bead necklaces. A birthday party is coming up, and you decide you want to give a necklace to each person at the party. She offers to make a necklace for each of your friends, but for added motivation you give her a dollar for each time she makes one. Which of the following is most likely to happen? |
After the party, your sister will enjoy making beads less than she did before because you rewarded her for something she already liked to do |
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Catherine did very well on her math test. Which of the following statements should her mother tell her to increase the chances that Catherine will not give up on math if it later becomes more difficult for her? |
"You really worked hard for this test and your hard work paid off" |
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Your friend Jane is interning at a law firm. When you ask her how it's going, she says "I'm feeling good about it because I'm doing much better than the intern who started a month after me". What kind of social comparison is Jane making? |
Downward social comparison |
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Which of the following is most true about self-handicapping? |
Women are critical of people who self-handicap than are men and are less likely to engage in behavioral self-handicapping than are men |
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Elise wants to increase her ability at self-control, such as by spending more time studying. Which of the following is most likely to work? |
She should adopt the belief that will power is an unlimited resource |
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Which of the following is true about self-esteem and narcissism? |
People who are optimistic (but not narcissistic) persevere more in the face of failure and set higher goals than do other people |
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All of the following are examples of informational social influence except? |
When you go to college, you change the way you dress so that you "fit-in" better---that is, so that people will like you more |
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Which of the following is true, according to social impact theory? |
All of the above are true |
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In Asch’s line studies, participants who were alone when asked to report the length of the lines gave the correct answer 98% of the time. However, when they were with the confederates who sometimes gave an obviously wrong answer, 76% of participants gave the wrong answer at least once. This suggests that Asch’s studies are an illustration of
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Public compliance without private acceptance |
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Which of the following is most true about informational social influence? |
When deciding whether to conform, people should ask themselves whether the other people know more about what is going on than they do |
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Brandon knows that society considers underage drinking to be wrong; he also knows, however, that on a Saturday night at his university, many of his friends will engage in this behavior. His belief that most of the public would disapprove of underage drinking is __________________, while his perception that many teenagers drink under certain circumstances is ____________________.
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An injunctive norm; a descriptive norm
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Tom is a new student at his university. during the first week of classes, he notices a fellow student from one of his classes getting on the bus. Tom decides to follow the student and discovers that this bus takes him right to the building where his class meets. This best illustrates what kind of of conformity?
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Informational social influence |
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Which of the following best describes an example of normative social influence? |
Miranda is out to lunch with her boss and coworkers. Her boss tells a joke that makes fun of a certain ethnic group, and everybody else laughs. Miranda doesn't think the joke is funny but laughs anyway |
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American mythology and culture often emphasize the importance of |
Not conforming |
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Which of the following strategies of social influence creates a situation similar to that experienced by Milgram’s study in that it relies on requests that increase in severity in incremental fashion?
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Foot-in-the-door technique |
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Which of the following had the least influence on participants' willingness to keep giving shocks in the Milgram studies |
Participants' aggression |
