Psychoanalysis: Sigmund Freud

Holds the assumption that personality is based on unconscious motives or desires, sex and aggression and all behavior has a cause.

- cocaine experiment for athletes

- Joseph Breuer (catharsis, transference, free association, analysis of transference and counter transference)

- Jean Charcot (hypnosis)

Hysteria is a:

1.) Psychological Disorder

2.) Has a sexual basis

- Free Association

.) Has a sexual basis- Free Association- Self Analysis- Interpretation of Dreams

- Self Analysis

- Interpretation of Dreams

Sex and Aggression

1.) Twin cornerstone

2.) Language usage

3.) Spread beyond it's Viennese Origins

1.) Experience with clients

2.) Analysis of Freud's own dreams

3.) Various readings on sciences and humanities

Id, Ego and Superego

- Oral Phase

- Pleasure Principle

- Primary process

- The reservoir of instincts

- No contact with reality

- Anal Phase

- Realistic Principle

- Secondary Process

- Rational Master of the personality

- After Phallic Oedipus's phase

- Moralistic and Idealistic Principles

Conscience and Ego-ideal

Results from punishment for improper behavior and tells us what we should not do

Is the result when ego acts or intends to act contrary to the moral standards of the Superego

Arises when the ego is unable to meet the Superego standards for perfection

Results from rewards for proper behavior and tells us what we should do

Unconscious, preconscious and conscious

- drives, urges and instincts that are beyond our awareness but nevertheless motivates most our word, feelings and actions

- How can we know if it exist

A. Dreams

B. Slips of the tongue

C. Certain kinds of forgetting

Punishment ⏩ Suppression ⏩Anxiety ⏩ Repression

- Is similar to Jung's collective unconscious but Freud only use it as a last resort

- All those elements that are not conscious but can become conscious either quiet readily or with some difficulty

Sources of Preconscious

1.) Conscious peception

2.) Unconscious peception

- those elements that are in awareness at any given point in time

2 Different Direction of Consciousness

1.) Perceptual conscious system - Conscious images came from our senses of the external stimulus

2.) Mental Structure - includes non - threatening ideas escaped from the preconscious

- is dominated by the id

- is dominated by the superego

- is dominated by the ego

- A motivationally principle to explain the driving forces behind people's action

Includes:

A. Drives

B. Anxiety

- a constant motivational force

Drive is characterized by:

1.) Impetus - the amount of force it exerts

2.) Source - the region of the body in a state of excitation or tension

3.) Aim - to seek pleasure by removing that excitation or reducing the tension

4.) Object - the person or thing that serves as a means through which the aim is satisfied

Sex and aggression

- The primary aim is pleasure but not limited on satisfying the genitals

- Libido (sexual energy)

- Erogenous Zones (mouth, anus and genitals) - part of the body capable of producing sexual pleasure

1.) Narcissism (self love)

A. Primary narcissism - infants are primarily self centered with their libido invested almost exclusively on their own ego

B. Secondary narcissism - redirecting back their libido back to their ego and become preoccupied with personal appearance and other self interests

2.) Eros (Love) - Develops when people invested their libido onto another objects or person other than themselves

A. Aim-inhibited love - the kind of love for parents and siblings

The need for sexual pleasure by inflicting pain or humiliating others

Need for sexual pleasure from suffering pain and humiliation inflicted by either self or others

- The aim is to return the organism into an inorganic state

A felt, affective, unpleasant state accompanied by physical sensation and warns the person against impending danger

1.) Neurotic Anxiety (Id) - Apprehension about an unknown danger

2.) Moral Anxiety (Superego) - conflict between the ego and the Superego

3.) Realistic Anxiety (Ego) - unpleasant, non specific feeling involving a possible danger

Anxiety as Ego Preserving - signals us that some danger is at hand

Anxiety as self regulating - it precipitates repression, which in turn reduces anxiety or pain

Repression

Sublimation

Displacement

Denial

Reaction formation

Projection

Rationalization (sour grape, sweet lemon)

Compensation

Regression

Introjection

Undoing

Infantile, latency, genital and maturity

- gains pleasure through sucking

- Early Oral Activity - incorporate or receive into ones body the object choice which is the nipple

- Oral Receptive - need usually satisfied with a minimum of anxiety or frustration

- Oral Sadistic Period - biting, cooing, smiling and crying etc.

- Satisfaction gained through aggressive behavior and through excretory function

- Early anal period - gained satisfaction by losing and destroying objects

- Late anal period - friendly interest towards their feces

- Anal Character - satisfaction by keeping and possessing objects and arranging them in excessively neat and orderly fashion

- Anal Triad

1.) Orderliness

2.) Stinginess

3.) Obstinacy

- genital area becomes the leading Erogenous zone

- Oedipus complex

Male

Simple Male OC

Complete Male OC

Castration Anxiety

Identification with parents

Female

Penis Envy

Simple Female OC

Identification with parents

* 3 rebel ways of girls

1.) Give up sexuality and develop an extreme hostility towards their mother

2.) Cling dmasculinitt their masculini

Sex instinct is dormant

Adult Relationships

- from catharsis

- patients will say whatever comes to mind

- resistance ( refusal to disclose painful memories)

- Process of of turning the manifest content to a latent content

Manifest Content - the dream of the dreamer

Latent Content - unconscious meaning or hidden meaning of dreams

Condensation- the unconscious interpretation of various symbols and words to a single entity with several meanings

Eliminating or decreasing the discomfort and tension of a drive which then satisfies the underlying Psychological need. The major source of pleasure for Freud.

The numerous major cause of most behaviors

Freudian Slip, accidentally say something that may have unconscious interpretation

Observing ones parents sexual intercourse

Memories of a preceding day triggers a dream because they are related to some important unconscious issues

Converting the latent dream thoughts to manifest content

- an emotional and intellectual understanding of the causes and Dynamics of one's behavior

- the process of bringing up unconscious material to consciousness