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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
personality definition.
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Stable set of desires, feelings, behaviors
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how is personality measured?
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through projective tests and structured tests.
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criteria of psychopathology?
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1) Clinically significant detriment
2) Not subject to voluntary control |
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abnormality is...
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time bound
culture bound |
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Taijin kyofusho definition.
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Incapacitating fear of offending or harming others through one’s own awkward social behavior
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Anorexia Nervosa definition.
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An extraordinary preoccupation with thinness and refusal to eat, sometimes to the point of death
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Four Mental disorders
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Schizophrenic
Mood Anxiety Personality |
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Eugen Bleuler –
said... |
Schizo – “split”
Phrenum – “mind” |
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Schizophrenic definition.
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Loss of contact with reality, hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thought, bizarre behavior
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Mood Definition.
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Severe affect disturbances, including major depression, mania, or both
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mood disorders...
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unipolar
bipolar |
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Bipolar (Type I, 1%, Type II, 3%)
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Dramatic fluctuations between manic, depressive states
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Unipolar (10% M, 20% F)
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Signs and symptoms
- Hopelessness - Suicidal ideation Sleep disturbance - Weight loss - Libido decrease |
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Cognitive Style and Depression
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1) Did I cause the negative experience? If yes, cause is internal.
2) Will cause bring about other negative experiences? If yes, cause is global. 3) Is the cause permanent or temporary? If yes, cause is stable. |
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Anxiety disorders
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Disorders in which intense apprehension and worry is the main symptom
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phobia
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intense and irrational fears of a particular object or situation
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Obsessive compulsive (1-2%)
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recurrent and unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions)
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Themes of OCD
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Dirt, germs, contamination 55%
Aggressive impulses 50% Need for symmetry 37% Bodily concerns (e.g., health) 35% Forbidden sexual impulses 32% |
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Generalized anxiety (6%)
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continuous worry about multiple issues
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Panic (2-5%)
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sudden episodes of anxiety
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Postraumatic stress (up to 7%)
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anxiety directly and explicitly tied to a specific traumatic incident or set of incidents
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Personality disorders
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An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the culture of the individual who exhibits it
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Antisocial personality disorder
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history of antisocial acts and violation of others’ rights, with no sense of guilt
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Antisocial personality disorder
is maybe... |
Biologically based deficiency in emotional arousal?
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Hare (1965)
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1. Two groups of subjects: sociopaths and normal controls
2. Told to expect a painful electric shock after 10-minute period 3. Galvanic skin response measured (index of arousal) |
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Borderline personality disorder
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characterized by emotional dysregulation, extreme "black and white" thinking, or “splitting,” and chaotic relationships
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Clinical psychology
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Field of practice and research that is directed toward helping people who suffer from psychological disorders
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Psychotherapy
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A planned, emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained healer and a sufferer
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Freudian psychoanalysis
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Suffering fueled by repressed thoughts, feelings, memories
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Social Development?
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Changing nature of relationships with others
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Studying human attachment
The Strange Situation paradigm |
Correlations with later adjustment
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Functions of play
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Skill acquisition
Self control Education |
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Freud’s tripartite psyche
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id
ego superego |
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Cognitive therapy
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Patient confronted with contradictory and maladaptive beliefs about the world
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Social Psychology
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Attempt to understand and explain how the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others
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Power of social situation 3 ex.
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Deindividuation
Conformity Bystander Effect |
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Causal attributions—
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claim, or judgment, about the cause of someone’s behavior
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Personal attributions—
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causes of human behavior attributed to internal factors in the person
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Situational attributions—
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causes of human behavior attributed to external factors
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Person bias—
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Tendency for people to attribute behavior of others to person, not situation
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Actor-Observer discrepancy—
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Difference in how we make attributions about our own behavior, versus that of others
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Explanations for Actor-Observer Discrepancy
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-We know that our own behavior changes from situation to situation, but we don’t know that of most others
-When we watch someone else perform an action, we focus on the actor, but when we perform an action, we focus on the situation |
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Cross-cultural differences—
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People in Eastern cultures make fewer person and more situation attributions
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Top-down influences—
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Prior experience influences attributions toward person or situation
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Attractiveness—
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Sad but true: Physically attractive people are given the benefit of the doubt
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Social cognition
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Thought processes through which people perceive information about themselves, and form a self-concept
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Self-fulfilling prophecies
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We see ourselves through the eyes of others
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Social Comparison
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Many judgments we make about ourselves are relative to a reference group
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Enhance views of ourselves -
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Self-serving attributions reflect tendency to attribute successes to inner qualities, failures to situation
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Stereotypes
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scheme, or organized set of knowledge or beliefs, that we carry in our heads about any group of people
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Explicit vs. implicit stereotypes
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explicit- one we are conciously aware of
implicit- unconcious. we're not mindful of them |
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Cognitive dissonance
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Disconcerting emotional state occurs when there is a conflict between attitudes, or attitudes and behavior
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Social pressure
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The entire set of psychological forces that are exerted on us by others’ examples, judgments, expectations, and demands, whether real or imagined
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Social facilitation:
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presence of others helps performance of well-learned tasks
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Social interference:
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presence of others hurts performance of poorly-learned tasks
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Conformity—
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the tendency for people to bring their behavior in line with group norms
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Normative influence
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avoid rejection, gain approval
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Informational influence
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gain valuable information
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Diffusion of responsibility
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Implied reduction of personal responsibility to take action due to presence of other persons
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Deindividuation
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Reduced self-consciousness and self-restraint in social situations
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