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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
brainstem
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the oldet part and central core of the brains, beginning where teh spinal cord cwells as it enters the skull; it is responsible for automatic survival functions
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medulla
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the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing
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thalamus
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the brain's ensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
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Reticular formation
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a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal
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Cerebellum
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the "little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing senory input and and coordinating movement output and balance
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Lesion
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tissue destruction. A brain _____ is a naturally or experimentally caused destruction of the brain tissue
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Electroencephalogram (EEG)
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an amplified recording of the brain waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain';s surface. These eaves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp.
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Limbic system
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a doughnut-shaped system of neural structures below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions such as those for food and sex. Includes the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus
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PET (Positron Emission Tomogrpahy) Scan
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A visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task
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MRI (magnetic Resonance Imaging)
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a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images that distinguish among different types of soft tissue; allows us to see structures within the brain
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fMRI (functional MRI)
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a technique for revealing blood flow and therefore brain activity by comparing successful MRI scans. MRI scans show brain anatomy; fMRI scans show brain function
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amygdala
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two lima bean sized neural clusters that are components of the limbic system and are linked to emotion
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hypothalamus
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a neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities, helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion
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cerebral cortex
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the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center
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frontal lobes
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the portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments
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Parietal lobes
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the portion of the crerebral cortex lying at the top fo teh head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position
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Occipital Lobes
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portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes the visual areas, each recieving info from the opposite visual field
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Temporal lobes
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the portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditroy areas, each receiving info primarily from the opposite ear
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Motor cortex
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an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements
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Sensory Cortex
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an area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement senses
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Association areas
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areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking
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Aphasia
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impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Brocas area or to Wernicke's Area
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Broca's area
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Impairment speaking if damaged
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Wernicke's Area
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Impairment understanding if damaged
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Plasticity
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the brain's capacity for modification, as evident in brain reorganization following damage and in experiments on the effects of experience on brain development
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Corpus callosum
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the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between the two
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Split brain
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a condition in which the brains two hemispheres are isolated by cutting the fibers connecting them
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