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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
development psychology
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a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social changes throughout life
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zygote
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conception - 2 weeks
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embryo
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2 weeks - 8 weeks
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fetus
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9 weeks until birth
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teratogens
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chemicals and viruses that can harm the developing fetus or embryo
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fetal alcohol syndrome
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physical and cognitive abnormalities cause by a pregnant mother's excessive drinking
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habituation
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decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation
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novelty - preference procedure
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used to research how babies determined cats from dogs (face then body)
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maturation
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biological growth processes that enable social, cognitive, and behavioral changes
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cognition
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all mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
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schema
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a concept or framework that organizes or interprets information
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assimilation
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interpreting our new experience in terms of our existing schemas
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accommodation
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adapting our current understanding (schemas) to incorporate new information
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sensorimotor stage
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(Piaget) from birth to 2 years
Stage in which infants experience the world through senses or actions |
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object permanence
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the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived
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Preoperational stage
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(Piaget) from 2 - 7 years
Representing things with words and images;using intuitive rather than logical reasoning "too young to perform mental operations" |
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conservation
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the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite change in their forms
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egocentrism
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the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view
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theory of mind
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peoples ideas about their own and others' mental states (feelings and thoughts) and how they might predict behavior
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concrete operational stage
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(Piaget) from 7-11 years
the stage in which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events |
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formal operational stage
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(Piaget) from 12 - adulthood
the stage of cognitive development during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts |
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autism
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a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others' states of mind
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stranger anxiety
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the fear of strangers that infants display, beginning at 8 months
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attachment
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an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation
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critical period
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an optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development
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imprinting
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the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life
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basic trust
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a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy
formed during infancy through appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers |
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self-concept
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our understanding and evaluation of who we are
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adolescence
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the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence
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puberty
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the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing
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primary sex characteristics
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the body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make reproduction possible
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secondary sex characteristics
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non-reproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality and body hair
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preconvential morality
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before age 9
children's morality focuses on self-interest |
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convential morality
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early adolescence
focuses on caring for others and on upholding laws simply because they are rules |
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postconventional morality
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actions are judged as right by peoples self defined ethical principles
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identity
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our sense of self
adolescents must solidify a sense of self by experimenting |
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social identity
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the "we" aspect of our self-concept
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intimacy
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the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood
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emerging adulthood
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a period from the late teens to the early twenties
bridges the gap from adolescent dependence to full independence |
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menopause
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the time of natural cessation of menstruation
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cross-sectional study
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a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another
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longitudinal study
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research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period of time
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crystallized intelligence
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our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills that increases with age
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fluid intelligence
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our ability to reason speedily and abstractly that decreases with age
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social clock
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the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement
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