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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Reciprocity of Biology and Experience |
Refers to an external event eliciting a biological response. |
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Reductionism: |
The act of scaling back or reducing our example or sample when studying the brain, due to its immense complexities. |
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Neuron |
Cell of the nervous system that is specialized for sending and receiving neural messages. |
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Axon |
Branch of a neuron that is usually responsible for transmitting information to other neurons. |
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Dendrites |
Branch from the neural cell body that usually receives input from other neurons. |
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Axon Terminals |
Located at the end of axons, look like little branches off of the axon that have little openings which allow for chemical communication |
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Glial Cells |
Hold neurons in place, and help transport nutrients to neurons as well as remove waste products. |
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Myelin |
The insulating material covering some axons, also helps speed transmission of signals from one neuron to the other (Adult brain has a lot more myelin than a young persons brain) |
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Synaptic Pruning |
The removal of weaker axons allowing the others to be more robust. |
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Acetylcholine |
Neurotransmitter involved in muscle movement, as well as organs that use muscles in order to function i.e. the heart |
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Norepinephrine |
Neurotransmitter that upon release in the brain leads to arousal and vigilance. |
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Dopamine |
Neurotransmitter that involves anticipation of rewards, motor control, and controlled cognition. This is the main focus for neuro-marketers |
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Serotonin |
Neurotransmitter that regulates sleep cycles, mood, memory, and learning. |
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Endorphins |
Neurotransmitter that regulates the perception of pain. This is released during physical activity, and modulates the senses of pain and pleasure, as well as feelings of "runner's high", and is released during sexual climax. |
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Central Nervous System |
Consists of the brain and spinal chord, which are so important that both structures are completely encased in bone. |
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Peripheral nervous system |
Divided into two parts:
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Autonomic Nervous System |
Part of the peripheral nervous system that is involved in preservation of homeostasis, releases hormones, and salivation. Further broken down into two parts:
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Somatic Nervous System |
Part of peripheral nervous system that is involved in voluntary movement as well as the processing of sensations. |
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Sympathetic Nervous System |
Part of the autonomic nervous system associated with coordination of arousal. |
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Parasympathetic Nervous System |
Part of the autonomic nervous system that is associated with rest, repair, and energy storage. |
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Endocrine System |
Releases hormones into your system, regulates digestion, releases insulin, and stimulates the process of physical maturation. |