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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Chromosomes |
Strings of genetic material in nuclei of cells |
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Gametes |
Cells that unite at conception (ova in females; sperm in males) |
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Zygote |
A single cell created when a sperm and ova unite |
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) |
Chemical material that makes up chromosomes and genes |
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Genes |
Pieces of genetic material that control of influence traits |
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Gonads |
Sex glands (ovaries in females; testes in males) |
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Genotype |
The unique genetic blueprint of each individual |
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Phenotype |
An individual's particular set of observed characteristics |
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Dominant-recessive pattern |
A pattern of inheritance in which a single dominant gene influences a person's phenotype but two recessive genes are necessary to produce an associated trait |
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Polygenic inheritance |
A pattern of inheritance in which many genes influence a traint |
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Multifactorial inheritance |
Inheritance affected by both genes and the environment |
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Cephalocaudal pattern |
Growth that proceeds from the head downward |
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Proximodistal pattern |
Growth that proceeds from the middle of the body outward |
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Germination stage |
The first stage of prenatal development, beginning at conception and ending at implantation (approximately 2 weeks) |
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Implantation |
Attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine wall |
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Placenta |
A specialized organ that allows substances to be transferred from mother to embryo and from embryo to mother, without mixing blood |
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Umbilical cord |
An organ that connects the embryo to the placenta |
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Amnion |
A fluid filled sac in which the fetus floats until just before it is born |
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Embryonic stage |
The second stage of prenatal development, from week 2 week 8, during which the embryo organ systems form |
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Neurons |
Specialized cells of the nervous system |
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Organogenesis |
The process of organ development |
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Fetal stage |
The third stage of prenatal development, from week 9 to birth, during which growth and organ refinement take place |
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Viability |
The ability of the fetus to survive outside the womb |
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Cell body |
The part of a nueron that contains the nucleus and is the site of vital cell functions |
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Synapses |
Tiny spaces across which neural impulses flow from one neuron to the next |
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Axons |
Tail like extensions of neurons |
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Dendrites |
Branch like protrusions from the cell bodies of neurons |
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Glial cells |
The "glue" that holds neurons together to give form to the structures of the nervous system |
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Teratogens |
Substances, such as viruses and drugs, that can cause birth defects |
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Cesarean section (c-section) |
Delivery of an infant through incisions in the abdominal and uterine walls |
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anoxia |
Oxygen deprivation experienced by a fetus during labor and / or delivery |
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Low birth weight (LBW) |
Newborn weight below 5.5 pounds |