Psychology Final Exam Test Bank

Consciously experienced pleasure or displeasure is called?

which of the following is an automatic response to cold

The receptors that repsond to the total volume of fluid in the bloodstream are located in the?

Intra-cellular fluid loss can be compensated for ________; extracellular fluid loss can be compensated for

the brain's most sensitive signal of nutrient availability comes from the

After your first year of dorm food, you notice that you are the only one out of your friends to gain 20 pounds.

Emotional stress has what effect on the food consumption of a normal weight individual?

Compared to indiviudals with anorexia, individuals with bulimia are

Sex is a social motive because it involves ______; temperature regulation, thirst, and hunger are called survival motives because they involve _______.

What happens in cases of humans who were exposed to hormones prenatally that are ordinarily experienced by the opposite sex?

A person's gender identity is most greatly influenced by

Unlike the other primates, human sexual behavior is strongly determined by

Unlike other species, humans can be sexually motivated by

Heterosexual men react more strongly to the prospect of _______ than do women

The best evidence available to date indivates that

Homosexual feelings are more crucial antecedents that are homosexual activities for

Norman is sitting peacefully at the beach when a bully kicks sand in his face. Norman kicks him in the face. Norman's use of the new move is an example of the _______ component of emotions.

What is cognitive appraisal?

Schachter ans Singer injected subjects with epinephrine and manipulated environmental conditions to show that

Imagine that as a child you had to undergo a series of painful treatments in a physician's office. Now as an adult, you return for a visit with the same physician and experience terrible fear while sitting in her waiting room. This is an example of

In contrast to neutral emotional states, negative emotions have been shown to

Most of the physiological changes that occur during emotional arousal result from the _____ division of the ____ system

Imagine that a snarling dog runs up to you as you are riding your bicycle. What part(s) of your brain is primarily involved in your response?

The body's fearful response to a stimulus results from the activity of the symhpathetic nervous system and the

When we experience _____, skin temperature may be increased.

The theory of emotions proposed by ____ argues that emotion-provoking events produce various physiological reactions, and that the particular reactions, in turn, lead to our subjective experience of emotion.

According to the James-Lange theory of emotions, you know you are afraid of snakes because

The bodily gestures made during emotional expressions are

In 1938, Klineberg reviewed novels written in Chinese and found "He clapped his hands" as a description of worry or disappointment. This would indicate that

You are joining the Peace corps and are being given special training in the local customs, religion and language of your host country. You would require the least training to understand which of the following?

According to the "facial feedback hypothesis," if you want to feel happier, you should

Research showing that smiling can make you feel happy would support the ______ theory of emotion.

The coach of the volleyball team tells his players to smile more. According to the _____ this would make the players happier.

Men and women differ more in the ____ than in the _____ of emotions.

Human emotional reaction patterns differ from those of other species in that human reactions

Our distinctive and characteristic patterns of thought, emotions, and behavior are collectively called

In analyzing the words found in the dictionary which described personality, researchers discovered over 18,000 entries. Cattell used factor analysis to refine this list to yieled

Jenn works for a large computer manufacturing firm. She recently turned down the chance to work out of her home and telecommute because she likes to work in the office where she can interact with her co-workers during her free time. She would probably score highly on Eysenck's ______ scale

Dr. Conver designed a test to assess what she calls the big five. What is this?

The MMPI was developed by comparing the responses of a large group of ______ to those of a ____ group known to differ on some particular variable.

The major disadvantage of the MMPI is that it does not have

In treating the so called "nervous" disorders, Freud discoevered the most effective method to be

Freud's major works are published between

According to Freud, our values are internalized within the

According to psychoanalytic theory, defense mechanisms develop in order to prevent or reduce

A major component of more current psychoanalytic theories is an emphasis on a person's attachments and relationships to other people. This is called ______ theory.

Bandura noted that most behavior occurs in the absence of external rewards and punishment so that most behavior stems from

A therapist who based therapy on Kelly's personal construct theory would help the person

Humanistic approaches to personality assessment are designed to find objective ways of assessing a person's

In Carl Roger's view, people feel threatened when their experiences and feelings

Unconditional positive regard is:

According to Abraham Maslow's theory, people will strive to meet their self-actualization needs

Your professor said "people usually need more than food and sex. Sometimes the joy of diong something right is reward enough."

Realizing oneself to the fullest

Humanistic physcologists would criticize Freud's views because Freud

The environment becomes a function fo the child's personality through _____, ______, and proactive interactions.

Which one of the following would illustrate the effects of coaction?

What kinds of behaviors are impaired rather than facilitated when performed in the presence of coactors or an audience?

The level of your performance is partially determined by the presence of others but also by whether these persons are

Studies of bystander intervention show that when other people

Students who saw a film explaining why bystanders often fail to intervene in emergencies

The Asch studies of conformity showed that

When we conform to a group's typical behavior to become liked and accepted, it is called

In the classic study by Milgram in which subjects were asked to administer increasingly strong electric shocks to a "learner",

When informed about the Milgram study, psychiatrists predicted that _____ 99% of the subjects would not continue to shock the "learner" beyond 300 volts.

The Milgram study found that ____ % of the participants were willing to continue to shock the "learner" all the way to the highest level of shock.

Subjects continued to shock learners in the Milgram experiment because the "etiquette of the situation" made them feel that they

What effectdid having a fellow teacher stop cooperating have on the obedience rates in the Milgram study?

If you take in too much salt, you

Body temperature, thirst, and feeding are all mediated by

Rats with lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus are similar to rats with lesions to the lateral hypothalamus in that both show

The most important determinant of the body weight of an adult human is

Margaret has episodes of overeating followed by taking laxatives. She is showing

Oedipus complex/ electra complex has received what kind of support?

A common basis for distinguishing motives from emotions involves

I failed the test and i feel depressed reflects____

Theorists differ in their views about patterns of physiological arousal and the differentiation of emotion. William james and Carl Lange would argue that the patterns are _____ for different emotions; Schachter and Singer would argue that they are _____.

Sympathetic is to _____ as parasympathetic is to

Studies of facial expression during emotional displays suggest that the recognition of specific emotions from specific expressions is

The apparent universal nature of the communication and recognition of emotional expressions is consistent with the ideas of

A proposed reason for the gender difference typically seen in emotional expression is that males regulate their emotions to maintain or demonstrate

Freud's theory proposed that aggression is

After Adam observes his father praising his brother for a slide tackle in a soccer game, Adam emulates his brother. What is this called?

Openess to experience, ______, extroversion, _____, and neuroticism are currently considered to be the five major personality factors

The doctrine of all thoughts, emotions, and actiosn have causes is called

The concept that gratification of impulses must be delayed until the situation is appropriate is central to the function of the ________

When recognizing our own undersirable qualities causes anxiety, we sometimes resort to the defense mechanism called _____ and assign the quality to others in exaggerated amounts.

The Rorschach test has been criticized because it relies too heavily on the clinician's subjective judgment and is therefore

Which part of psychoanalytic theory has withstood the test of time?

What approach to personality would be described as emphasizing the importance of the situation in determining behavior?

Skinner would have said that people are the sum total of their reinforcers. This view would be described as a ______ theory

According to the behaviorist theories of personality, an individual is inherently _____

Bandura introduced the concept of _____ to describe the relationship between internal and external determinants of behavior

What is vicarious reinforcement?

A cognitive structure that helps us perceive, organize, process and utilize information is called

When we conform because we believe that other people's interpretations of an ambiguous situation are more correct than our own, it is called

A minority can sometimes infleunce majority opinions if they

By allowing minority group members to express their opinions, majority group members may allow these opinions to influence the beliefs of the group through a process called

Which of the following is not a factor that contributes to the high obedience rates in Milgram's shock studies?

Milgram's classic experiment on obedience could probably not be conducted today because

When someone seeks internalization, they are trying to

Cognitive dissonance theory predicts that a person who is induced to work at a task he or she dislikes will

The fundamental attribution error suggests that we tend to underestimate the power of _______ and overestimate the power of _______

Betty hears a speech bya political candidate praising labor unions. She assumes that he is praising the unions only because they made substantial contributions to his campaign. She is making a

Compared with individual decisions concerning risky courses of action, decisions made by a group of individuals tend to be

A behavior is considered maladaptive if it

Although Nadia appears to be normal and successful, she may still be considered abnormal if she

Diagnostic labels may be especially useful if they

The most widely accepted system in the United States for classifying mental disorders is the APA's

Hallucinations are

In 1792, the French physician, _____ released inmates in a mental institution from their chains, and treated them kindly.

In 1905, the mental disorder known as ______ was shown to be caused by a long-lasting syphilis infection.

The shift towards treating the mentally ill in their home communities rather than hospitals is called

the beginnings of deinstitutionalization occurred in the

A ______ would be able to prescribe drugs to treat a severly disturbed schizophrenic.

The term ______ is reserved for someone who has received specialized training in _______

According to Freud, _____ are the royal road to the unconscious

During psychoanalysis, Lydia becomes angry with the therapist, who reminds her of her mother. Lydia is showing _______________.

Therapies based on the principles of learning and conditioning are called

_______ is a form of in vivio therapy in which a phobic individual is exposed to their most feared objected for a long time with no escape.

Systematic desensitization is based on the principles of _____ conditioning; selective reinforcement is based on the principles of _______ conditioning.

Using tokens that can be exchanged for food or privileges to reinforce behavior is called

Modelling makes use of

The therapies that use behavior modification techniques but also incorporate procedures designed to change maladaptive beliefs are called

The main goal of humanistic therapy is to

Alcoholics anonymous, weight watchers, and survivors of suicide are all examples of

Dr. Feelgood claims that his 50% success rate is good. Is this proof of his effectiveness?