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17 Cards in this Set
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Health Psychology |
understand psychological influences on how ppl stay healthy, why the become ill and how they respond when they do. -> why ppl make bad health choices |
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Health |
= complete state of physical, social and mental well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity WHO 1948 ! |
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Health psychologists |
health promotion and maintenance prevention and treatment of illness etiology (origin, cause) and correlates of health, illness and dysfunction impact of health institutions and health professionals on ppl's health behaviour |
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health psychology |
1) educational, scientific and professional contributions of psyc to the promotion and maintenance of health 2) prevention and treatment of illness 3) identification of causes and correlates of health and illness 4) improvement of health care system and formulation of health policy |
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mind-body relationship |
earliest times (i.e. stone age): mind and body = a unit (disease = evil spirits that enter body) Greeks (i.e. Hippocrates): disease is due to bodily factors (humoral theory of illness) which can also affect the mind Middle ages: more supernatural explanations of illness: mysticism and demonolgy. Church as guardian of medical knowledge. Renaissance: more focus on body than mind for medical progress (descartes mind-body dualism) -->physicians = guardians of the body, philosophers & theologians = guardians of the mind Psychoanalysis: Freud: "conversion hysteria" (unconscious conflicts can create physical ailments) Psychosomatic medicine: Dunbar & Alexander linked patterns of personality to physical ailments --> psychosomatic causes for many illnesses Behavioural medicine: developed in part to prove mind body connections proposed by psychosomatic med. in more objective and scientific way -integrates behavioural and biomedical science |
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Biopsychosocial model |
health & illness = consequences of interplay of biological, psychological and social factors |
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Biopsychosocial model VS biomedical model |
biomedical: -reductionistic (reduces illness to low level processes --> i.e. cells) -single causal factor considered (illness as biological malfunction, nothing else) -assumes mind-body dualism -emphasizes illness over health biopsychosocial: -macrolevel (psycho, social) and microlevel (bio) -multiple causal factors considered -mind and body inseperable -emphasizes both health and illness |
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why is health psychology needed? |
1) changin patterns of illness (acute disorders like tuberculosis, pneumonia --> chronic disorders like heart disease, cancer |
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chronic illnesses acute illnesses |
slowly developing diseases with which ppl live for a long time. Often cannot be cured, only managed. short-term medical illnesses, often viral or bacterial, and usually curable |
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epidemiology |
study of frequency, distribution, and causes of infectious and noninfectious diseases in a population based on investigation of physical and social environment |
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morbidity |
number of cases of a disease that exist at a given point in time can be expressed as a) incidence - number of new cases b) prevalence -total number of existing cases = how many ppl are suffering from what kinds of illnesses at any given point in time |
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mortality |
number of deaths due to particular causes |
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Archaeologists have found Stone Age human skulls with small holes in them that are believed to have been made intentionally with sharp stone tools in an effort to heal. Which of the following best describes what type of procedure was used? |
??? |
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You live in the late 1600s and you just heard that your friend was visiting doctors Leeuwenhoek’s and Morgagni. Your friend is most likely being introduced to which of the following? |
??? |
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Systems theory emphasizes the ____________ of the various parts of the system on health and illness. |
interrelatedness |
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Which of the following professions focuses on vocational retraining for patients? |
occupational therapists |
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retrospective research |
looks backwards in time to attempt to reconstruct the conditions that led to a current situation |
