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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Matrix of Domination
(Collins, 2000) |
-RCG operate together, and are intersecting categories of experience that affect all aspects of life.
-They simultaneously structure experiences of all people. |
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Difference Framework
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Unique group experiences.
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Additive Approach
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Double and triple jeopardy. (African American Women=triple oppression).
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Diversity Framework
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Cultural variety, numerical representation, changing social norms, and the inequalities that characterize the status of different groups.
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Culture
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Total way of life of a group of people.
-material and symbolic components. |
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Reading 1:
Missing People and Others (Madrid, May/June 1988) |
New mexico.
-The other: feeling different. The awareness of being distinct. Frightens and scares. -Becoming american isn't about learning english, it's about not speaking spanish. -talks about "gaining entry" in institutions and how they permit space. |
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Reading 2:
Chappals and Gym Shorts (Sayeed, 2002) |
-Muslim only daughter.
-Her father: wanted her to use beauty products, and be married by 22, to wear her hijab (to prevent complete western emersion). -social conditioning & normalization. -bisexual. -struggling to master "a dance of negotiating identity with interlinking cultural spheres. |
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Reading 3:
From a Native Daughter (Trask, 1993) |
-Hawaiian/indigenous way.
-the Haole (whites) wrote Hawaiian history: "ruled by bloodthirsty priests, and kings who owned all the land." -Her mother told her the truth, that no one owned the land before the whites came, everyone could fish and plant. -Whites termed Hawaii "feudal" (private ownership of land), lazy, promiscuous, and racist (bc they preferred their own way rather than the West). -langauge: "a" possessive= acquired status. ex: food. -"o"possessive= inherent status. ex. name. |
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Reading 4:
Katrina, Black Women, and the Deadly Discourse on Black Poverty in America (Ransby, 2006) |
-black single mothers=poor. highest in New Orleans.
-40% poverty rate. -A columnist, George Will (2005) responded, "rules for avoiding poverty: graduate from high school, don't have a baby until you are married, don't marry while you are a teenager." -Living in New Orleans=underprivilaged. -it was a social disaster, |
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Reading 5:
Oppression (Frye, 1983) |
-Oppression: caught between or among forces or barriers that restrict and prevent mobility.
-doublebind: situations in which options are reduced to a very few and all exposed to deprivation. -Female sexual inactivity=lesbianism. Sexual activity=whore or loose. |
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Reading 6:
Label Us Angry (Torres, 2004) |
-Filipino living in Palo Alto.
-Carlos and Torres were swore at by car next to them, flipped a quarter at the white guy's window, both were pepper sprayed and carlos was charged. -Marginalizing: low-life, chink, gangster. -Palo Altan= white, clean-cut, wealthy. |
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Reading 7:
A Different Mirror (Takaki, 1993) |
-Asian American, living in San Fran.
-Indigenous people became outsiders in their native land. -Asians=model minority. Asian=nerd. -Taxi cab driver said, "when did you move here, you have good english". -native americans pushed onto reserves. White xmas song came from a russian-jew. |
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Reading 8:
Seeing More Than Black and White (Martinez, 1998) |
-Latina=most oppressed.
-Racism expanded bc: the worldwide economic recession that followed the end of the post-war boom in 1970s. -Says we need strong unity against White Supremacy. -ALL people of color had 1 common experience: european colonization w/ exploitation. -small latino children: covered in flour, wanted to look white enough for school. -Black/white framework (whiteness) |
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Reading 9:
Of Race and Risk (Williams, 1997) |
-Black female law professor.
-Fair Housing Act: outlaws racial discrimination in the housing market. -law professor=good white person. -Loan officer (she never met) checked the box for her as "white". -Suddenly they wanted more $ and higher interest. -Blacks move in, whites will move out of the neighborhood. |
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Reading 10:
Color-Blind Privilage (Gallagher, 2003) |
-White, black & asian get tattoos of chinese symbols. White Eminem.
-Color-blind racism: An environment where institutional racism and discrimination have been replaced by equal opportunity. Qualifications, not color, should help one achieve mobility. -Segregation and discrimination is no longer an issue. -Class and culture are responsible for social inequality, not racism. |
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Reading 11:
White Privilege: Invisable Knapsack (McIntosh, 1988) |
-Men=overprivileged.
-White privilage= special maps, codebooks, clothes, tooks and blank checks. -Whites are taught to think their lives are morally neutral, normal or average. -a list of 26 privileges. -Can find skin colored bandaids. -Unearned entitlement: feeling that one belongs w/in the human circle. -unearned advantage: forgetting you're privilaged. |
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Reading 12:
What White Supremacists Taught a Jewish Scholar About Identity (Ferber, 1999) |
-interacial sex=the ultimate abomination.
-race isn't biological, it's social constructed by white-supremacists. -She does not feel like an "other" or a jew bc jews are privilaged and considered white. -it takes 1 black ancestor out of 32 to make a person legally black, yet those 31 white ancestors are not enough to make that person white. |
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Reading 13:
Race as Class (Gans, 2005) |
-Humans aren't just seen by color, but by shape of head, nose and lips etc.
-high levels of melanin protected people living outside in hot, sunny climates. Low levels=enabled humans to soak up vitamin D from the hidden sun. -Class-and-Status Hierarchy: whites are on top of the socioeconomic order and racial order, while shaded whites are below them in SES (class) and prestige (status). -black=exslave, chinese=yellow horde, hispanic=swarthy. -skin color=indicates class position. |
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Reading 14:
Shadowy Lines that Still Divide (Scott and Leonhardt, 2005) |
-Upper class= sucessful in school.
-inherited privilage: parents hand down money, education, and connections to their children (meritocracy). Class=similar economic position, lifestyles, politics, interests etc. -Criteria for class: education, income, occupation, and wealth. -banks now extend credit to lowincome families. -education is now essential because of globalization and technological change. -those at the top work more. |
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Reading 15:
Across the Great Divide: Crossing Classes and Clashing Cultures (Jensen, 2004) |
-cross over experience
-theme: education. -her husband was angry and unsupportive bc she spent less time w/ him. -What's going on in her head: cognitive dissonance "internal clashings". -Her crisis is enstenential. |
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Article 16:
The Hidden Cost of Being African American (Shapiro, 2004) |
-Wealth and inheritance is a rising inequality.
-affirmative action: compromises with out past, obscures our present understanding of racial inequality, and restricts policy in the future. -blacks earn 64 cents for every dollar a white earns. |
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Article 17:
Is Capitalism Gendered and Racialized? (Acker, 2006) |
-industrial capitalism=white male.
-capitalism is a gendered power and was built for the profit of slavery. -white women=secretaries, underpaid. -hegemonic masculinity: taken for granted, accepted form attributed to leaders/historical figures. -Masculine= aggressive, decisive, focus on winning, and taking territory. |
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Article 18:
How the New Working Class Can Transform Urban America (Kelley, 1997) |
-food processing, food services, retail.
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Article 19:
Sex and Gender Through the Prism of Difference (Zinn, Hondagneu-Sotelo, Messner, 2005) |
-the prism of difference: how gender is organized and experienced differently when refracted through the prism of sexual, racial/ethnic/ social class, age etc.
-masculinity and femininity each depend on the definition of the other to produce domination. |
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Article 20:
The Myth of the Latin Woman (Cofer, 1993) |
-Hispanic woman=hot tamale.
-"you can look but not touch". |
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Article 21:
The Bachelor: Whiteness in the Harem (Dubrofsky, 2006) |
Picks 25 women.
-usually white. women of color have appeared but were all eliminated before the 3rd week. |
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Article 22:
Masculinities and Athletic Careers (Messner, 1989) |
-early success in sports recieve recognition from adult males.
-not big enough, strong enough, fast enough, or skilled enough to compete at higher levels. |
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Article 23:
Gladiators, Gazelles, and Groupies: Basketbal Love and Loathing (Malveaux, 2000) |
-white players get grammar boost from sportswriter, to make them sound more intellegent.
-black=naturally good at sports. -title IX funded women's sports. |
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Article 24:
"Is This a White Country, or What?" (Rubin, 1990) |
-see new immigrants as direct competitors for jobs.
-black=savage, bestial, lazy, wild and sensual. -they don't teach about other cultures in school. -historic nativism: escalates white fear of immigrants. Immigrants bring their language and culture with them and that reminds americans of their alien precense, making them feel excluded. -"They live different than us, it's like another world how they live, they don't even try to learn English." -when times are good, americans feel confident about their future and are more generous in sharing their fortune with foreigners. -latino-black conflict: fight over jobs. blacks are being replaced by latinos. -they aren't learning english because we aren't giving them the resources to do so. |
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Article 25:
Optional Ethnicities: For Whites Only? (Waters, 1996) |
-ethnic identity: fixed characteristic, given at birth, reflective of blood ties.
-change in ethnic identities due to intermarriage, changing allegiances, and changing social categories. -"passing" phenomenon: people raised as one race who change at some point and claim a different race as their identity. -options white americans have: can claim any ancestry, choose which european ancestries to include in their description of their own identities on surveys. -whites can choose bc: the degree of discrimination and social distance attached to specific eurpean backgrounds has diminished over time. -symbolic ethnicity: (Gans, 1979) individualistic in nature and without real social cost for the individual. example: those whites that are only "irish" on st. patricks day. |
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Article 26:
Global Woman (Ehrenreich and Hochschild, 2003) |
-Josephine, Saudi Arabia, left her 3 children in Sri Lanka to find work.
-She can either live with her children in desperate poverty or make money by living apart from them. (globalization) -servants aren't considered status symbols anymore, and disappear when company comes. -Affluent career women earn their status not through leisure, but by "doing it all" (fulltime work, children, managing the home) by using servants. -Sex workers: its as though wealthy parts of the world are running short on emotional and sexual resources and turn to poorer regions for fresh supplies) -flows: southeast asia to middle and far east,soviet block to western europe, south to north in the americas, africa to europe. -Care Deficit: they come here because women now take on more paid work and need people to replace their caretaker roles. -1 of 5 men share contribute and share the work at home. -.5 to 1 million women are prostitutes. |
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Article 27:
The Contested Meanings of "Asian American": Racial Dilemmas in the U.S. (Kibria, 1998) |
-Race: system of power, draws on physical differences to construct/give meaning to racial groups and the hierarchy in which they are embedded (Miles 1989).
-Constructivist Perspectives: externally imposed designations/assignments of dominant groups upon others. Also shaped by the actions of the categorized group itself. -racialized groups help shape their own identities. -Identities: are made by external forces. -it is continuous. -Construction: not a one-time event but an ongoing project. -Boundary: What are the grounds for being identified by a racial category? -Racial Categories: biological characteristics define and construct different social collectivities. -"One Drop Rule": maintaining power and enforcing segregation. -Community: how do the boundaries suggest membership in the community? -Ethnicization: a racialized group defines itself in terms of common ancestry, history and a set of cultural symbols. -Positioning: what is the groups position on the racial heirarchy? -asians today are polorized, consisting of two different socio-economic segments. Asian= strong work ethic, devotion to education. |
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Article 30:
The Invention of Heterosexuality (Katz, 1990) |
-first years: 1892-1900
-formulated by US doctors. -heterosexual=normal. -hetero=inclinations to both sexes. to insure pleasure without procreative aim. -inborn sexual instinct for wanting the opposite sex. |
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Article 34:
Race, Class, Gender, and Women's Works (Amott and Matthaei, 1996) |
-sexual division of labor.
-women are assigned to childrearing. -some indian tribes: women choose to do men's work and marry another woman who lived the woman's role. -prohibition of intermarriage with whites in some states until 1967. -indians were killed and displaced, african americans were enslaved, filapinas/os and puerto ricans were colonized. -capitalism: dominate form of production. -monopolization of managerial jobs. |
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Article 35:
Racism in Toyland (Williams, 2005) |
-customer behavior is based on price, convenience, and selection.
-retail work is most common. -2 most segregated jobs: director positions (white men) and janitor jobs (latinas). -professional expertise=whiteness. -She mentioned being in training, and the customer thought she meant Tanesha (black) was. -assumed white woman was in charge. -consumer racial profiling. |
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Article 37:
Soft Skills and Race (Moss and Tilly, 1996) |
-soft skills: skills, abilities, and trains that pertain to personality, attitude and behavior rather than formal or technical knowledge.
-black men=poor soft skills. -friendliness, teamwork. Motivation: enthusiasm, commitment. -black male=hostile, defensive, difficult attitude. -rather than address their issues, they get rid of them. -there are NO differences in work ethic by race. -Code Switching: being able to present oneself and communicate in ways acceptable to majority white culture in order to FIND and KEEP a job. |
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Article 38:
The Invisible Poor (Newman: 1999) |
-racialize the undeserving.
-65% of low wages go to women working parttime. -1 in 15 americans has worked in fast food. -drop-out=fast food worker. -Kyesha: her mother uses her for income, and Kyesha needs her mother's housing, insurance etc). - |
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Article 39:
Our Mother's Grief (Dill, 1988) |
-Women are primary laborors in the reproduction and maintenance of family life.
-cultural autonomy: some mother slaves killed their babies to keep them from being slaves. -took the names of former slave owners to reestablish family ties. -chinese laborors: laws prevented them from bringing their wives. Chinese prostitution helped to maintain the split-household family. |
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Article 40:
Navigating Interracial Borders (Childs, 2005) |
-Her oldest sisters daughter wanted to attend prom with a black male (she is married to a black man), but her mother said he was not "right" for her.
-black and white couple=deviant, unnatural, exotic, but always sexual. |
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Article 41:
Straight is to Gay as Family is to No Family (Weston, 1991) |
-the family=kinship, responsibility, or affection.
-gay/lesbian=nonreporductive being. |
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Article 42:
Unequal Childhoods (Lareau, 2003) |
-Concerted cultivation: allowing children to question rules, entitlement (middle class).
-natural growth: boundaries between adults and children, and lots of leisure time. |
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Article 44:
Rereading Sex and the City (Brasfield, 2006) |
-Charlotte wants a family but is very sexual, samantha has lustful views on sex.
-Master Narrative: to gain equal power to white, heterosexual, middle-class men. -racism, they enjoy economic privilage. |
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Article 45:
Racist Stereotyping in the English Language (Moore, 1988) |
-Language=transmitter of culture.
-black cat, blacklist, blackmailed. -rightness of whiteness -passive voice: "slaves WERE brought, the railroad WAS built." -people may be the minority in the US, but they are the MAJORITY of the world. |
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Article 46:
Crimes Against Humanity (Churchill, 1993) |
-Wisconsin "Wetbacks"
-deculturated: (native americans) taught to think and act in the manner of EuroAmericans rather than Indians. -extermination of 6 million jews. |
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Article 47:
Media Magic (Mantsios, 1998) |
-singleminded, profit oriented purpose.
-key role: defines our cultural tastes, helps us locate ourselves in history, establishes our national identity. -middle class=media worthy -you never hear about the poor. -blaming the victim: the poor brought poverty upon themselves (Ryan). |
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Article 48:
Who(Se) Am I? (Perry, 2003) |
-Misogyny: woman as bitches and hoes.
-lesbianism=male fantasy -small waist, large breasts and butt. Only pale black faces are shown. -color is aligned with class and women are "created". -black girls score highest on self esteem. -white girl=blonde, very thin, large breasts, high cheekbones. |
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Article 52:
Life at the Top in America Isn't Just Better, It's Longer (Scott, 2005) |
-class is the force in health and longevity in US.
-educated=less heart disease, strokes, cancer. |
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Social Institutions
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establish societal patterns of behavior organized around particular purposes.
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Capitalism (What does it create?)
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class inequality: the profits of some stem from the exploitation of the labor of others.
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Dual Labor Market (2)
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A primary labor market: high wages, advancement, benefits, and rules of due process that protect workers rights.
-Secondary Labor Market: Women and minorities, low wages, no advancement, few benefits, little protection. -Caused by wage gap between men vs women, and whites vs. minorities. |
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The State
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Organized system of power and authority in society. ex. gov, military.
-a gendered institution. |
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Family Ideology
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-known as the world of women
-places for nurturing, love and support. |
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Systemic Inequality
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Built into society, not individual
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Systems of Power
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advantage and disadvantage groups depending on their social location.
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Representational Realm
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symbols, language, images that convey racial meanings.
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Social Structural Realm
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institutional sites where power and resources are distributed.
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Social Interaction Realm
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norms and behaviors observable in human relationships.
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Prejudice
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hostile attitude toward a person who is presumed to have negative characteristics.
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Racism
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system of power and privilage, manifested in attitudes but rooted in society.
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