Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Natural Science can be divided into what two categories? |
The study of nonliving matter, known as physical science. The study of living matter, known as biological science |
|
|
Defined as anything that has mass and occupies space |
Matter |
|
|
The ability to do work |
Energy |
|
|
The quantity of matter contained in an object |
Mass |
|
|
The force that an object exerts under the influence of gravity |
Weight |
|
|
A material that has a definite and constant composition |
Substance |
|
|
When two or more substances are combined |
Mixture |
|
|
Simple substances are also known as what? |
Elements |
|
|
Complex substances are also known as what? |
Compounds |
|
|
A substance that cannot be broken down into any simpler substances by ordinary means |
Element |
|
|
When two or more elements are chemically united in definite proportion |
Compounds |
|
|
The smallest particle of an element that still possesses the chemical properties of that element |
Atom |
|
|
The smallest particle of a compound that still possesses the characteristics of the compound |
Molecule |
|
|
When energy is emitted and transferred through matter |
Radiation |
|
|
The unique relationship between matter and energy was described by who? And with what? |
Albert Einstein. Theory of relativity |
|
|
Matter has what four basic components? |
Air, water, Earth, fire |
|
|
Who concluded that all elements could be differentiated from one another based on the characteristic of mass? Published work on atomic theory |
John Dalton |
|
|
Developed the first periodic table of the elements |
Dmitri Mendeleev |
|
|
Developed a model for the atom that contained a central, small, dense nucleus, which possessed a negative charge and was surrounded by a negative cloud of randomly placed electrons, which had a negative charge |
Ernest Rutherford |
|
|
Expanded on Rutherford's work and proposed a model for the atom that is considered the most representative of the structure of matter |
Niels Bohr |
|
|
Protons and neutrons together are referred to as what? |
Nucleons |
|
|
Protons and neutrons are both composed of even smaller sub nuclear structures called what? |
Quarks |
|
|
Postulates that electrons and quarks may not be particles, but instead maybe extremely small loops of rapidly vibrating string-like matter |
M theory |
|
|
And idea that matter behaves differently depending on the vibrations of the string |
String theory |
|
|
The number of nuclear protons in an atom |
Atomic number |
|
|
If an atom gains or loses neutrons, what is the result? |
Isotope |
|
|
Atoms that have the same number of protons in the nucleus but differ in the number of neutrons |
Isotope |
|
|
If an atom gains or loses an electron, it is called what? |
Ion |
|
|
When an electron is added to an atom, what happens to the atom? |
It becomes a negative ion |
|
|
The atomic mass number is equal to what? |
The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus |
|
|
The distance from the nucleus determines the ___ that the electron occupies? |
Energy level or shell |
|
|
The binding energy of an electron is defined as what? |
The amount of energy needed to remove the electron from the atom |
|
|
The stability of the electron's orbit is contributed to by what two opposing forces? |
Centrifugal force and electrostatic force |
|
|
The Binding energy of an electron is measured in a unit called what? |
Electron volt (eV) |
|
|
The number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom determines what? |
Chemical combining characteristic or valence |
|
|
A bond in which one atom gives up an electron and the other takes an extra electron |
Ionic bond |
|
|
A bond in which two atoms share electrons that orbit both nuclei |
Covalent bond |
|
|
What is the equation for work? |
Work = force x distance |
|
|
The energy that an object has because of its position |
Potential |
|
|
The energy of motion |
Kinetic energy |
|
|
The form of energy released during a chemical reaction |
Chemical energy |
|
|
Energy as the result of the motion of atoms and molecules |
Heat, or thermal energy |
|
|
Energy as the result of the movement of electrons |
Electrical energy |
|
|
Stored in the nucleus of each atom and holds the nuclear particles in a tight bond |
Nuclear energy |
|
|
A form of energy that is the result of electric and magnetic disturbances in space |
Electromagnetic energy |
|
|
What is the speed of light? |
3 x 10^8 meters/sec |
|
|
Electromagnetic radiation is capable of transferring energy to an atom by a process known as what? |
Excitation |
|
|
The theory that electromagnetic radiation can behave as a wave and a particle |
Wave-particle duality of radiation |
|
|
The distance between any two successive points on a wave |
Wavelength |
|
|
What is the diagnostic wavelength for x-rays? |
0.1-0.5 Angstroms |
|
|
The intensity of the wave defined by its maximum height |
Amplitude |
|
|
The number of waves that passes a particular point in a given time frame, or the number of cycles per second |
Frequency |
|
|
The time required to complete one cycle of the wave |
Period |
|
|
What is the formula for velocity? |
Velocity = Frequency x wavelength |
|
|
True or false? Frequency and wavelength are directly proportional |
False |
|
|
When high-frequency electromagnetic radiation interacts with matter, it behaves more like what? |
A particle |
|
|
What is the relationship between Photon energy and frequency? |
Directly proportional |
|
|
The particle theory was first described by who? |
Max Planck |
|
|
What two people were credited for thinking atoms were different sizes and shapes? |
Leucippus and Democritus of Abdera |
|
|
Who built on the original atomic theory? |
John Dalton |
|
|
Who discovered the electron and came up with the plum pudding model? |
Joseph John (J.J) Thomson |
|
|
Who created the solar system model and discovered empty space in atoms? |
Ernest Rutherford |
|
|
An atom with an equal number of protons and electrons has what kind of charge? |
No net charge |
|
|
Which force keeps electrons from flying away from the nucleus? |
Centripetal force |
|
|
What kind of force keeps electrons in orbital shell? |
Centrifugal force |
|
|
What is the binding energy for the K shell? |
69.5 keV |
|
|
How many horizontal periods are there in the periodic table? |
7 |
|
|
How many vertical groups are there in the periodic table? |
8 |
|
|
What does an ion pair consist of? |
Orbital electron and its atom |
|
|
True or false? All electromagnetic radiation travels at the same speed |
True |
|
|
True or false? All of the electromagnetic radiations are capable of ionizing matter |
False |
|
|
True or false? Mass does not change with gravitational force |
True |
|
|
The process of removing an electron from an atom |
Ionization |
|
|
If an atom has the same number of electrons and protons it will be what? |
Electrically neutral |
|
|
Electromagnetic, chemical, electrical, and thermal are all types of what? |
Energy |
|
|
What is kinetic energy? |
Energy being expended |
|
|
When considering the wave properties of electromagnetic radiation, the maximum height of a wave is what? |
Amplitude |
|
|
What is an ion pair? |
An atom and the electron that was removed from it |
|
|
The force that holds the protons and neutrons together in the nucleus |
Binding energy |
|
|
What are the three fundamental particles of the atom? |
Neutron, electron, proton |
|
|
The electron binding energy depends on what? |
How close it is to the nucleus, and how many protons there are in the nucleus |
|
|
Atoms in each period have the same number of what? |
Electron shells |
|
|
When considering the wave properties of electromagnetic radiation, the distance from the peak of one wave to the next is what? |
Wavelength |
