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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
question
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answer
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4 causes of microcytic anemia
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TICS: thalassemia, iron deficiency, anemia of chronic disease, sideroblastic anemia
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precipitants of hemolytic crisis in patients w/G6PD deficiency
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sulfonamides, antimalarial drugs, fava beans
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an elderly man w/hypochromic, microcytic anemia is asymptomatic. diagnostic tests?
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fecal occult blood test and sigmoidoscopy. suspect colon cancer
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the most common inherited cause of hypercoagulability
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factor V leiden mutation
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the most common inherited bleeding d/o
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von willebrand's disease
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the most common inherited hemolytic anemia
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hereditary spherocytosis
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diagnostic test for hereditary spherocytosis
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osmotic fragility test
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pure RBC aplasia
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diamond-blackfan anemia
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anemia a/w absent radii and thumbs, diffuse hyperpigmentation, cafe au lait spots, microcephaly, and pancytopenia
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fanconi's anemia
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medications and viruses that lead to aplastic anemia
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chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, radiation, HIV, chemotherapeutic agents, hepatitis, parvovirus B19, EBV
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how to distinguish polycythemia vera from secondary polycythemia
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both have increased HCT and RBC mass, but polycythemia vera should have normal O2 sat and low erythropoietin levels
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thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) pentad
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FAT RN: fever, anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal dysfunction, neurologic abnormalities
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HUS triad
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anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure
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treatment for TTP
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emergent large-volume plasmapheresis, corticosteroids, antiplatelet drugs. platelet transfusion is contraindicated!
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treatment for ITP in children
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usually resolves spontaneously, may require IVIG and/or corticosteroids
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which of the following are increased in DIC: fibrin split products, d-dimer, fibrinogen, platelets, hematocrit
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fibrin split products and d-dimer are elevated. platelets, fibrinogen, and HCT are decreased
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8yo boy presents w/hemarthrosis and increased PTT w/normal PT and bleeding time. dx? treatment?
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hemophilia A or B, consider desmopressin (for hemophilia A) or factor VIII or IX supplements
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a 14yo girl presents w/prolonged bleeding after dental surgery and w/menses, normal PT, normal or increased PTT, and increased bleeding time. diagnosis? treatment?
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von willebrand's disease. treat w/desmopressin, FFP, or cryoprecipitate
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a 60yo African American man presents w/bone pain. what might a workup for multiple myeloma reveal?
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monoclonal gammopathy, bence jones proteinuria, and punched-out lesions on x-ray of the skull and long bones
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reed-sternberg cells
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hodgkin's lymphoma
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a 10yo boy presents w/fever, weight loss, and night sweats. exam shows an anterior mediastinal mass. suspected diagnosis?
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non-hodgkin's lymphoma
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microcytic anemia w/decreased serum iron, decreased TIBC, and normal or increased ferritin
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anemia of chronic disease
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an 80yo man presents w/fatigue, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and isolated lymphocytosis. suspected diagnosis?
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chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
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the lymphoma equivalent of CLL
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small lymphocytic lymphoma
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a late, life-threatening complication of CML
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blast crisis --> fever, bone pain, splenomegaly, pancytopenia
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auer rods on blood smear
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acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
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AML subtype a/w DIC. treatment?
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M3. treat w/retinoic acid.
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electrolyte changes in tumor lysis syndrome.
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decreased Ca2+, increased K+, increased phosphate, increased uric acid
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a 50yo man presents w/early satiety, splenomegaly, and bleeding. cytogenetics show t(9;22). diagnosis?
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CML
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heinz bodies
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intracellular inclusions seen in thalassemia, G6PD deficiency, and postsplenectomy
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virus associated w/aplastic anemia in patients w/sickle cell anemia
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parvovirus B19
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a 25yo African American man w/sickle cell anemia has sudden onset of bone pain. management of pain crisis?
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O2, analgesia, hydration, and (if severe) transfusion
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a significant cause of morbidity in thalassemia patients and its treatment
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iron overload. use deferoxamine.
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