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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Percentages of co2 transport in the blood |
10% directly dissolved 22% bound to Hb (carbamino) 68% hco3- |
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What is a band 3 protein |
Chloride bicarbonate exchanger (cl- into cell, hco3- into blood) |
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What is the chloride shift |
More cl- in rbcs in venous blood than in aterial blood |
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Describe the shapes of the haemoglobin and myoglobin oxygen binding curves |
Haemoglobin - sigmoidal Myoglobin - hyperbolic |
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What is a “right shift” and what causes it |
Decreased affinity of Hb for O2 Co2/ H+/ Cl-/ 2-3DPG |
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What is 2-3DPG |
Bis phosphoglycerate |
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Describe what happens in active muscles |
-more Co2/ more acidic (lactic acid and carbonic anhydrase reaction) -o2 is low - myoglobin found
O2 leaves Hb binds more readily to myoglobin (coorperativity) Co2 and H+ bind to Hb causing a right shift and release of o2 Cl enter rbc - chloride shift Hc03 leave rbc into blood |
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Dimensions of rbc |
7um diameter 2um in height |
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How many rbc/ ul blood Leukocytes Platelets |
5 million 9000 300,000 |
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Levels Hb female vs male |
Female - 12-16 (g/dL) Male 13-17 |
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Where does erythropoiesis occur in embryogenesis |
Spleen Yolk sac Liver Lymph nodes |
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Whats the progenitor of erethrocyte |
Common myeloid progenitor |
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What’s a reticulocyte |
Immature rbc (larger, remnants of nuclear material) |
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What 2 things are required for full rbc development |
- EPO - iron |
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Development of rbc from heamatopoetic stem cell |
Heamatopoetic stem cell BFU - erythroid CFU - erythroid Erythroblast Reticulocyte Erythrocyte |
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What is epo |
Erythropoietin Cytokine/ protein hormone made in the kidneys Stimulate erythropoiesis |
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What is methaemoglobinaemia and potential causes |
Where Hb cannot transport 02 Due to Fe2+ (ferrous) being oxidised to Fe3+ (ferric) Congenital globing mutations Decrease of NADH (hereditary) Toxic substances |
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Explain the basis of CO poisoning |
Co same binding site as o2 to haemoglobin 250x greater affinity Displaces 02 (Nb pO2 -dissolved in blood remains normal) |
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What is polycythaemia |
Increased rbcs Increased blood viscosity (High altitudes) -physiologic Polycytheamia vera - potentially genetic |
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How can iron be stored in the body |
Ferritin Haemosiderin Stores in liver/ spleen/ BM
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Depleted iron levels leads to what |
Anaemia (microcytic hypo-chromic) |
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What is folate and b12 needed for? |
Forming DNA Nuclear maturation RBCs/ skin/ gametes |
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Potential causes of megaloblastic anaemia |
Old age/ vegan/ institutions Pernicious anaemia (lack of intrinsic factor needed to absorb B-12) Pregnancy |
