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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Large oval shaped cells with marked increased MCV. |
Macroovalocytes (Oval macrocytes) |
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Macroovalocytes cause |
Occur due to nuclear maturation defect in the early marrow cells caused by Vit B12 or folate deficiency; strongly suggest MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA. |
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POIKILOCYTES SECONDARY TO MEMBRANE ABNORMALITY |
1. Elliptocyte 2. Spherocyte 3. Codocyte 4. Echinocyte 5. Burr cells 6. Stomatocytes |
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Other names of elliptocyte |
Elliptical egg-shaped/oval to sausage shaped |
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Elliptocytes are due to |
Decreased skeletal membrane protein band 4.1 |
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Elliptocytes are seen in? |
Spectrin abnormality Hereditary Elliptocytes Iron deficiency anemia Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia Bipolar aggregation og Hgb |
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Round, small red cells, lacks central pallor, showing an intense staining affinity. |
Spherocyte |
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Spherocytes are seen in? |
HS, Acquired HA, Burned patient |
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Other name for codocyte |
Target cells, Mexican hat cell |
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central area of Hb surrounded by a relatively colorless ring, appear like a bell or tall hat shaped |
Codocyte |
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Cause of codocyte |
LCAT deficiency |
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Echinocytes are also known as? |
Crenated cells |
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Having many UNIFORM tiny (blunt) spicules on their surfaces; represent artifact on films; should not be reported |
Echinocyte |
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Common causes of echinocyte |
- Films made from long hour standing (stored) anticoagulated blood; depleted ATP levels - Due to release of basic substances from glass slide that changes the pH -Using a moist saline preparation of red cells in an elevated pH |
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Having IRREGULARLY SIZED AND UNEVENLY spaced spicules, that differs from echinocytes, and should be reported when seen. |
Burr cells |
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Burr cells are related to what condition? |
Increased BUN |
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Small, densely stained RBCs having few irregular, large pointed spicules or thorn like projections |
Acanthocytes |
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Acanthocytes are caused by? |
Changes in plasma-lipid ratio |
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Acanthocytes can be seen in? |
Abetalipoproteinemia Alcoholic cirrhosis with HA Postspelenectomy Lipid membrane disorders |
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rare congenital syndrome with HA, retinal degeneration, and steatorrhea |
Abetalipoproteinemia |
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Having an elongated or slit like area of central pallor (mouth shaped) |
Stomatocytes |
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Cause of stomatocyte? |
H or A membrane defect in the Na+:K+ transport ratio (high IC Na+ and low K+) and a greatly increased rate of active cat ion trn |
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POIKILOCYTES SECONDARY TO TRAUMA |
1. Schistocytes 2. Dacrocytes 3. Microspherocytes 4. Semilunar bodies |
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POIKILOCYTES SECONDARY TO ABNORMAL HEMOGLOBIN CONTENT |
1. Drepanocyte 2. Hb CC crystals 3. Hb SC Crystals |
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Other name for schistocytes |
Schizocyte Fragmentocytes |
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Cause of schizocyte |
Undergoes cleavage and fragmentation |
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Intravascular Fragmentation from schizocyte is caused by? |
small blood vessel disease or fibrin in small blood vessel |
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Schistocytes are seen in? |
MAHA, Severe burns, Renal graft rejection, Glomerulonephritis, Vasculitis |
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schistocyte w/ 1 or more horn like projections.; a rare phenomenon; should be reported as SCHISTOCYTE. |
Keratocyte |
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Keratocytes cause |
A result of RBC being caught on a fibrin strand w/c could cut it to two. When this escapes, it may have a vacuole like area (blister cell)-asso with G6PD |
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Teardrop or pear shaped cells |
Dacrocytes |
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Cause of Dacrocyte |
Heinze bodies in red clls squeeze through splenic sinuses |
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Dacrocytes are seen in? |
Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia Heinz body anemia Myelophthisic Anemia |
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Usually seen in severe burns as small, round cells, as a result of thermal damage to the membrane, and Pyropoikilocytes |
Microspherocytes |
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Microspherocytes are seen in |
Rare hereditary HA associatedwith heat sensitivity at 45C |
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Are large fragments of red cell membrane with their contents being extruded, and stain pale pink forming a half moon or crescent shape cell |
Semilunar bodies |
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Semilunar bodies are seen in? |
malaria |
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other names for drepanocytes |
sickle cells |
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Intracellular hexagonal crystals with blunt ends and stains darkly; forms within the red cell membrane when Hb C crystallizes. |
Hb CC crystals |
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Dark-hued crystals of condensed Hb that distorts RBC membrane |
Hb SC crystals |
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2 forms of Hb SC crystals |
Crystalline projections often straight with parallel sides and one blunt, pointed, protruding, end (Washington monument shape) One or more fingerlike blunt pointed projections, that protrude from the cell membrane in different directions |
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RBC INCLUSION BODIESABNORMAL DEVELOPMENTAL ORGANELLES |
1. Howell-Jolly bodies 2. Basophilic stiplling |
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Irregularly shaped basophilic (deep blue with Wright’s) granules; represents aggregates of ribosomes |
Basophilic stippling |
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two forms of basophilic stipplinh |
fine stippling granular stippling |
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this type of basophilic stippling is due to increased red cell population, seen with increased polychromatophilia |
Fine stippling |
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this type of basophilic stippling is due to abnormal instability of RNA in the young cells, seen in lead poisoning, thalassemia, megaloblastic anemia, and severe anemia. |
Granular stippling |
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Basophilic stippling is usually seen in |
lead poisoning |
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Rbc inclusion bodies ABNORMAL HEMOGLOBIN PRECIPITATION |
1. Heinz bodies 2. Hb H inclusions |
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Round refractile bodies of denatured hemoglobin precipitates, not visible in Wright’s stain; pitted golf appearance if multiple |
Heinz bodies |
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Heinz bodies are best stained with? |
supravital stain incubation with acetylphenylhydrazine |
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where is heinz body usually seen? |
hereditary G6PD deficiency |
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small greenish-blue inclusion bodies |
Hb H inclusions |
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Hb H inclusion is seen in? |
alpha thalassemia |
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malaria is transmitted to man by? |
Anopheles mosquito |
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Schuffner’s stippling four maturation stages infects the RBC-enlarged |
P. vivax |
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Schuffner’s stippling four maturation stages infects the RBC not enlarged |
P. malariae |
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small delicate ring forms, gametocytes are banana shaped |
P. falciparum |
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RBC is oval, Schuffner’s stippling present |
P. ovale |
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Rare transmission to humans by tick bites Resemble ring stages of malarial parasites Tiny rings 1-5 μm Tetrad formationRBC not enlarged |
babesiosis |
