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38 Cards in this Set
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a natural religion that developed in the Age of Enlightenment that embraced the belief that while God does exist and did create the world, he retains from any kind of interference or direct participatation in his creation.
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Deism
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following the Protestant Reformation where human reason, seperated from religious belief, can "enlighten" people
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Enlightenment
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offshoot to Deism, this secret society founded in england attacked Christianity and was in turn condemned by Pope Clement XII in 1738
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Freemasonry
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parliament disposed of James II and elevated his daughter, Mary, to the thrown and married her to William of Orange
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Glorious Revolution
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term that described the efforts of the 19th century to attempt to reconcile Church teaching with the liberal ideas that emerged out of the French Revolution.
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Liberalism
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treaty that ended the Thirty Years War in 1648 and solidified the principle of cuius regio, eius religio ending any hope for a united European Christendom
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Peace of Westphalia
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philosophy of the Age of Enlightenment that taught that only human reason, seperated from religious belief, can bring people into the light.
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Rationalism
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articles made some outrageous claims: first, that the Pope had no power in temporal matters, second, general councils were superior to the Pope in spiritual matters, third the papacy must adapt its rulings to the French Church, fourth, the decrees of the Pope are only binding on the faithful when a general council agrees to them.
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Four Articles
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religious and political theory of the sixteenth century that asserted the independence of the French Church from the authority of the Pope.
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Gallicanism
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heretical belief oFCornelius Jansen, a bishop of Ypres in France, that taught the depravity of human nature and that God's grace extends to only a few, offshoot of Calvinism
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Jansenism
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17th century heresy inspired by a Spanish priest, Michael Molinos, that ook a dim view of human nature, holding that humans are powerless and should not try to resist temptations since they are God's will.
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Quietism
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Cardinal Richelieu
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his policies led to France replacing Spain as the leading European power in the 17th century. The policies included centralizing the power of the French king and controlling the influence of the nobles.
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Cardinal Mazarin
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continued Richelieu's policies of consolidating power in an absolute monarch, extending French power in Europe at the expense of the Hapsburgs, and adding territory to France.
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Denis Diderot
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perhaps one of the most outstanding work of the Enlightenment was the famous, Encyclopedie, promoted freedom of thought, value of science, and religious tolerance.
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Matteo Ricci
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won over the Chinese because of his knowledge of astronomy, spoke their language, adopted their dress, and respected traditions, and share his religion of Christianity
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Robert di Nobili
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also, tried to adapt Christianity to the culture of these Eastern civilizations
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Oliver Cromwell
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Puritan's leader ruled as Lord Protector of England, trying to turn England into a theocracy modeled on Calvin's Geneva. His dreary rule, unpopular laws, a divisions among Puritan groups..
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Voltaire
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perhaps the most popular Enlightenment writer "Crush the infamous" his satirical writings popularized rationalistic thought
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Empiricism
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A belief from the Age of Enlightenment that taught that the only reality is what we can perceive with our five senses. Empiricists encouraged doubt about accepted beliefs and ridiculed religion, religious authority, and traditional Christian doctrines
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Reign of Terror
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was an attempt to eliminate the French royalist elite from the national fabric: the removal of the nobility.
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Bartolome de Las Casas
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opposed the torture and genocide of the Native Americans by the Spanish colonists and advocated before King Charles V on behalf of rights for the natives.
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Jean Jaques Rousseau
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influential rationalist whose thought prepared the way for the French Revolution.
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Secularism
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regard religion as only a small part of their lives. It created in people a skeptical outlook about everything and a stance toward religion as a private affair with little to offer public life.
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David Hume
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known as one of empiricists, taught that the only reality is what we can percieve with our five senses.
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John Locke
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his theory of mind is often cited as the origin of modern conceptions of identity and the self, figuring prominently in the work of later philosophers
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Rene Descartes
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rejected anything that is not absolutely clear to human reason.
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Napolean Bonaparte
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assumed power in a coup d'etat. Actions shaped European politics.
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Pius VI
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he was captured and transported him to France where he died imprisoned.
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Pius VII
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wanted a semblance of order returned to the Church in France and settled that pope was allowed to install new bishops...
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Francis Xavier
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founded missionaries in India, Indonesia, and Japan. Co-founder of Society of Jesus.
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Isaac Jogues
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men like him put themselves in harms way to preach Christs love and salvation to the Native Americans, even knowing that martyrdom was a distinct possibility. Him and his companions were Jesuits.
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John Baptist de La Salle
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an ordained priest committed to the poor, founded an order of teaching brothers known as the Brothers of the Christian Schools, commonly known as Christian Brothers.
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John Bosco
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new order called the Salesians of this person, came into existence.
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Louise de Marillac
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a young widow and loving mother. Helped Vincent found the Daughters of Charity.
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Vincent de Paul
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greatest charity organizer, with his helper founded the Daughter of Charity, an order devoted to serving the sick, poor, elderly, and orphans.
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Barriers faced by missionaries?
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first was that to convert to Christianity then they must have adopted Western culture and leaders of those countries didnt want to abandon their traditions and customs to adopt a new religion. Second was the fear that the missionaries were the agents of foreign powers. Third was fierce rivalry among the religious orders. Last was a failure to develop a native clergy.
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How did the French Revolution attempt to stamp out the Catholic Church?
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The Church had been associated with the monarchy and the clergy were deeply involved in many activities od civic life. As a result, when the fiercely anti-clerical and anti-religious elements got control of the Revolution, the Church suffered many losses. Church property was confiscated, and monks and nuns were forced to leave their monasteries and convents.
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How did the Scientific Revolution effect the Church?
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Because so many people saw science as undermining belief in God, the Church typically allied herself with conservative elements in society and was slow to adapt herself to the new age. Some of the slowness of the Church's adaptation to science was due to the rationalistic or anti-faith tendencies of some scientists and scientific endeavors of the time.
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