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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Four Elements of Religion
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Belief, Bind, Sacred, Ultimate Value
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Belief
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placing one's trust in something understood to be true
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Bind
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binds individuals to a set of values or practices that regulate behavior
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Sacred
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set apart from the ordinary or mundane
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Ultimate Value
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what is our ultimate goal?
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Substantive
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What Religion is
What is it that you believe beliefs/ideals |
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Functional
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What religion does
how religion operates in human life |
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Who looks at religion with a Functional Lens?
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Malinowski
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Pulpit
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bible study, hebrew school
matters of blind belief |
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Podium
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Academic Study of Religion
Scientific engagement of Religion |
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Functional Disciplines
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Theology
Literary Criticism Historiography Anthropology Sociology Philosophy Phenomenology |
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Theology
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concrned with orthodoxy, creeds, and doctrines
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Literary Criticism
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concerned with sacred texts
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Literary Criticism/ Exegesis
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Extracting out what the other was trying to say
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Literary Criticsm/ Hermeniutic
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Interpretation
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Historiography
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5 W's of larger context
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Anthropology
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Examines humans as representatives of culture
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Sociology
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examines social behavior in modern societies
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Philosophy
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epistomology = way of knowing
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phenomenology
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explaining religious experience while retaining judgement
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Definition of Sacred
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a reality that is wholly different from natural realities
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Definition of Profane
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that which is homogenous and neutral. the everyday and ordinary
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Who Eliades talked about
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Archaic Societies
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Mysterium Tremendum
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awe-inspiring mystery
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mysterium fascinans
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fascinating mystery/ frightening
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Hierophany
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something sacred shows itself
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Theophany
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God in another form/ in the flesh
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Axis Mundi
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Center of the World
Navel of the Earth |
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Representational Symbols
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Tie together things that are distinct in a customary way within a cultural context
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Presentational Symbols
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Similar to the things they symbolize
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First Order Religious Discourse
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Analogy, Parable, Myth
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Analogy
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a genuine relationship between the symbol and that which it points
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Parable
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an extended metaphor in the form of a narrative
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Myth
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a complex of stories that bind communities together.
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Imago Mundi
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Image of the World
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How do myths function?
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they justify societal structure and establish the cosmos
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Second Form Religious Discourse
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doctrines, dogmas, and creeds
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Definition of Ritual
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an agreed-on and formalized pattern of ceremonial movements and verbal expressions carried out in a sacred context
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Two kinds of rituals
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Life cycle Ritual and Seasonal ritual
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3 Stages of life cycle ritual
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Separation - liminal
Transition Reincorporation |
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propitiation
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make efforts to appease spirits
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What does Otto focus on?
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Focuses on the affective, or the emotional and feeling
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What does Freud and Marx focus on?
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why or how religion came into being. reduces religion to a psychological or socioeconomic factor.
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genetic fallacy
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the confusion of the value of of religion with an explanation of its origin
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cosmology
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characterization of the cosmos
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What are Thomas O'Dea's three fundamental features of human existence?
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uncertainty, powerlessness, and scarcity
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self-transcendence
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self-consciousness
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ethnocentric
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assumption that one's own race is superior to others
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evangelical
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christians who place importance on the personal conversion rather than baptism
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primal
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preliterate human societies
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proselytize
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to try and convert someone to another religion
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Emile Durkheim
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turned the interest of anthropologist to the social functions of religion
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Max Weber
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demonstrated that forms of social life deeply reflect the decisive influence of religious belief
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What is Freud's theory of religious belief and experience?
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"as born of man's need to make his helplessness tolerable"
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extrinsic
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find religion useful: provides solace, sociability, and social status
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intrinsic
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"master motive"/ live out their religion
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fideism
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reliance on faith alone w/o scientific analysis
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agnosticism
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no proof that God exists or does not exist
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Descriptive Reduction
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a failure to identify and emotion, practice, or experience
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Explanatory Reduction
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an explanation of an experience in terms that are not those of the subject and might not meet with his approval
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animism
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all things possess a spirit
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totemism
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Indian practice of associating human classes with animals
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numinous
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characterized by a sense of the supernatural
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expiation
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a sacrifice in order to remove pollution or sin
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ontological
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the branch of philosophy that investigates the nature of being
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cosmogony
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deals with sacred history
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mandala
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buddhist circle inscribed within a square representing perfection
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mudras
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buddhist religious gestures
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mantras
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religious sounds, like chanting
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eschatological
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understanding of life in terms of the goal or destiny
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metaphor
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a form of symbolic communication
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anomie
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chaos
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doctrines
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a rule or principle/ dogma
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communitas
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spontaneous bond of communion between members of a society
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tonsure
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the cutting of hair to denote admission to a religious order. a monk
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atonement
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to make amends
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eucharist
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the last sacrament of Jesus Christ: bread and wine
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cosmogony
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an account of the emergence or creation of world order
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etiological
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the description of the cause of a thing
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Types of Cosmogony
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1. Emergence from a Primal substance
2. The sexual Union of a Primal Male and Female 3. Creation by Conflict and the Ordering of Chaos 4. Creation by a Divine Craftsman 5. Creation by decree |
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anthropic principle
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the recognition of the extraordinary fine-tuning of the universe
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