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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mannitol |
Osmotic diuretic: increased PCT osmolarity, increased urine flow. Use: drug overdose, elevated intracranial/intraocular pressure. SE: pulmonary edema, dehydration. Contraindicated in anuria, HF. |
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Acetazolamide |
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Works on PCT. Causes self-limited NaHCO3 diuresis and decreases total HCO3. Use: glaucoma, urinary alkalinization, metabolic alkalosis, altitude sickness, pseudotumor cerebri. SE: prox renal tubular acidosis, parasthesias, ammonia toxicity, sulfa allergy. |
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Furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide |
Sulfonamide loop diuretics. Inhibit Na/K/Cl cotransport system of thick ascending limb. Prevent concentration of urine. Stimulate PGE release (dilates afferent arteriole). Increases Ca excretion. Inhibited by NSAIDs. Work fast. Use: HTN, pulmonary edema, hypercalcemia. SE: ototoxic, hypoK, dehydration, allergy, metabolic alkalosis, nephritis, gout. |
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Ethacrynic acid |
Loop diuretic. Nonsulfa inhibitor of Na/K/Cl in thick ascending limb. Use: diuresis in pts allergic to sulf drugs. SE: similar to furosemide, but more ototoxic. |
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Thiazide diuretics: HCTZ, chlorthalidone, metolazone. |
Inhibit NaCl reabsorption in early DCT. Decrease diluting capacity of nephron. Decrease Ca excretion. Use: HTN, HF, hypercalcinuria (stones), nephrogenic DI, osteoporosis. SE: hypoK, hypoNa, metabolic alkalosis, hyper-glycemia, lipidemia, uricemia, Ca. |
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Potassium sparing: spironolactone, eplerenone, triamterene, amiloride |
Spironolactone/eplerenone: aldosterone receptor antagonists in cortical collecting tubule. Trimterene and amiloride: block Na channels in cortical collecting tubule. Use: hyperaldosteronism, K depletion, HF, hepatic ascities, nephrogenic DI. SE: hyperK (arrhythmias), gynecomastia with spironolactone. |
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ACEI: captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, ramipril |
Inhibit ACE, decreasing ATII, decreasing GFR. Increases renin from loss of negative feedback. Also prevents inactivation of bradykinin, a vasodilator.
SE: cough, angioedema, teratogen, increase Cr, hyperK, hypotension. |
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ARBs: losartan, candesartan, valsartan |
Block binding of ATII to AT1 receptor. Similar effects as ACEI but without increasing bradykinin. SE: hyperK, decrease GFR, hypotension, teratogenic. |
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aliskiren |
Direct renin inhibitor, blocking angiotensinogen conversion to angiotensin I. SE: hyperK, decreased GFR, hypotension. Contraindicated in those already taking ACEI or ARB. |
