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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the functions of the respiratory system? |
Gas exchange, vocalisation, olfaction (occurs in specialised area of lining of caudal part of nasal cavity), temperature control (panting=evaporation of H2O, cooling body), acid/base regulation, |
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What are the components of the respiration? |
They involve both the respiratory system and the cardio system. |
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What are the parts of the nose? |
External nose, nasal vestibule, paired nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses. |
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What are the parts of the URT? |
Nose, nasopharynx (with associated auditory tubes), larynx, proximal trachea (to the level of the thoracic inlet) |
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What are the components of the LRT? |
Trachea |
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Describe the nose? |
Bone case with moveable cartilaginous portion rostrally (moved by muscles). |
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Dolichocephalic |
Greyhound |
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Mesaticephalic |
Beagle |
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Brachycephalic |
Boxer |
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What compromises the external nose? |
Specialized nasal integument (skin) surrounding paired nostrils. Modified epithelium (hairless, thickened, often pigmented). |
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Describe the nasal vestibule |
Narrow passage from the nostril to wider nasal cavity |
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Describe the nasal vestibule in the horse? |
Divided into dorsal and ventral parts. |
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Describe the nasal cavity? |
Conducts air from the nostrils to the nasopharynx. Helps to prepare air for passage further down. The whole upper respiratory tract has a mucosal lining to filter the air; it's sticky and traps particles. Also helps to moisten air before the lungs |
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What are the nasal cartilages? |
Form the framework of mobile part of the nose |
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Nasal conchae |
Opening through which air passes from nasal cavity to nasopharynx. Delicate scrolls of bone, covered in mucosa, projecting into the nasal cavity from the dorsal and lateral walls. |
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Dorsal conchae |
single elongated scroll |
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Ventral conchae |
Ventral-rostral part of nasal cavity. Double scroll in most species (horse single scroll) |
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Ethmoidal conchae |
Numerous fine bony scrolls, attached to ethmoid bone and lateral and dorsal walls at the caudal end; supports olfactory mucosa |
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What is the lateral nasal gland? |
Only in carnivores, responsible for wetness of nose. |
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What is the nasolacrimal duct? |
Duct which drains tears from eye to rostral part of nasal cavity. |
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Paranasal sinuses |
Diverticula (outpocketings) of nasal cavity into skull bones |
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Frontal sinuses |
Drain into the ethmoid region (except horses) |
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Maxillary sinuses |
Communicate with nasal cavity through nasomaxillary opening (except in dog and cat-->wide opening) |
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Maxillary sinuses in the horse |
Rostral and caudal divisions which have their drainage point in the common maxillary sinus (dorsal part) |
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Frontal sinus in horses |
Doesn't drain directly into the nasal cavity, drains into the dorsal concha (which is closed off from the nasal cavity; most species its open). Drains into caudal maxillary sinus |
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What is different about the horses sinuses? |
Drainage of all sinuses into nasal cavity through narrow common nasomaxillary opening located dorsally (horse needs to move head to drain sinuses). |
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Describe the bird nose |
Nostrils located in upper beak, usually at base. |
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Describe the infraorbital sinus in the bird nose |
Diverticulum enclosed by caudal concha. As in mammals, inflammation can cause problems. |
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Nasal gland in the birds |
Located in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. Secretes sodium in marine birds |