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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name the medications used for asthma.
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Bronchodilators:
Beta 2 agonists 1. Short acting inhaled- Albuterol 2. Long acting inhaled- Serevent 3. Oral beta2 agonist- albuterol |
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MOA of Albuterol
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Activates beta2 adrenergic receptors in smooth muscle of lungs causing bronchodilation. Relaxes muscles to relieve bronchospasms.
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IND: INH Albuterol
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-Acute asthma attacks, acute bronchospasms
-Excacerbation of COPD, prohylaxis of excercise induced asthma |
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IND: po Albuterol
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long term control--not used alone
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PK: INH Albuterol
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-fast onset of action, <5 min
-peak in 30-60 min -duration 3-5 hours -used prn: 1-2 puffs, 3-4x.day |
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PK: po Albuterol
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3-4x/day
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AE: INH Albuterol
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-minimal systemic effects: incr HR, palpitations, tremors
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AE: po Albuterol
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>adverse effects- incr HR, palpitations, angina, tremors.
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MOA of Serevent
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long acting, long term control
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IND for Serevent
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-prophylactic acute asthma or COPD
-nocturnal asthma |
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PK of Serevent
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-dosing fixed, not used alone
-slower onset, 30 min -duration, 12 hrs |
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AE of Serevent
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minimal AE--can see slight incr HR, tremors.
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MOA of Methylxathines: Theophylline
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relax bronchial smooth muscle causing bronchodilation. Also causes some dec in inflammation, inc ability of cilia to clear mucus.
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IND of Theophylline: po
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maintenance tx for chronic asthma
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IND of Theophylline: IV
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acute attacks, emergency use only.
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Serum Levels: Theophylline
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Narrow therapeutic range. po 2-3x/day.
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AE of Theophylline
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at therapeutic levels: n/v, restlessness, insomnia
at toxic levels: severe dysrhythmias, seizures, cardioresp failure. |
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DI of Theophylline
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-caffeine
-smoking -phenobarbital, dilantin -cimetidine |
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Name all meds for Anticholinergics
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-Short acting: used for asthma--Atrovent
-Long acting: used for COPD--Spiriva |
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MOA for Atrovent
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blocks muscarinic receptors in bronchi causing bronchodilation.
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IND for Atrovent
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-COPD
-chronic asthma -excercise induced asthma |
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PK for Atrovent
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-action -<5mins
-duration - 6hrs -used alone or in combo with beta 2 agonist--2 MDIs. Or combined in one MDI as Combivent or nebulizer med Duoneb. |
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AE for Atrovent
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minimal--dry mouth, irritation of the pharynx
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Name all anti-inflammatory meds
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-Glucocorticoids
-Inhaled glucocorticoids -Oral glucocorticoids:Prednisone -Mast Cell stabilizers -Leukotriene Modifiers |
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MOA of Glucocorticoids
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suppress inflammation in airways, leads to a dec in bronchial hyperreactivity. Dec synthesis and release of anti-inflammatory mediators, dec mucus production and inc number and sensitivity of beta 2 receptors.
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IND of Inhaled Glucocorticoids
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-prophylaxis of chronic asthma, COPD.
-fixed schedule, 2-4 puffs, 2x/day. Not used for acute attacks. |
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AE of Inhaled Glucocoricoids
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-irritation of pharynx
-oropharyngeal candidiasis -dysphonia |
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IND for Oral Glucocorticoid-Prednisone
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-tx of asthma, COPD exacerbation--short term use 5-7 days, taper
-prophylaxis for chronic asthma, COPD--long term |
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AE for Oral Glucocorticoid-Prednisone
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short term/acute: insomnia, mood swings, nausea
long-term: -PUD -immunosuppression -adrenal suppression -osteoporosis -fluid and e-lyte imbalances -hyperglycemia |
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Def of Mast Cell Stabilizers/ Cromolyn/Intal
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non-steroidal anti-inflammatory. Prevent release of bronchoconstrictive and inflammatory substances from mast cells.
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MOA of Cromolyn/Intal
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suppresses inflammation by stabilizing cystoplasmic membrane of mast cells, prevents release of histammine and other mediators.
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IND of Cromolyn/Intal
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prophylaxis of chronic asthma, excercise induced asthma, po 1x/day
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AE of Mast Cell Stabilizers
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well tolerated
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Def of Leukotriene Modifiers
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reduce effects of leukotrienes. Leukotrienes cause bronchoconstriction, inc mucus secretion and mucosal edema.
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MOA of Montelukast/Singulair
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leukotriene antagonist, blocks leukotriene receptors, prevents release of leukotrienes. Causing bronchodilation, decr in mucus secretion and mucosal edema.
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IND of Montelukast/Singulair
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maintenance therapy for asthma, po 1x/day
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AE of Montelukast/Singulair
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well tolerated
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Meds for allergic Rhinitis
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-Antihistammines
-Intranasal glucocorticoids -Intranasal Mast Cell Stabilizers -Sympathomimetics |
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MOA of Anti-histamines: histamine antagonist
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block action of histamine, compete with histamine for receptor sites.
H1 receptors: mediate smooth muscle contraction, dilation of capillaries. H2 receptors: mediate gastric secretion. |
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IND of Anti-histamines
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-allergic rhinitis
-Insomnia |
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AE of Anti-histamines
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-sedation: 1st gen only
-anticholinergic effects (more with 1st than 2nd gen) |
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DI of Anti-histamines
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-any CNS depressant/alcohol
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MOA of Intranasal Glucocorticoids
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dec inflammation in nasal passage, take at regular schedule during allergy season. Delivered in meter dose spray, 1 spray/nostril, 1-2x/day
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Types of Intranasal Glucocorticoids
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beclomethasone/Beconase
budesonide/Rhinocort fluticasone/Flonase |
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AE of intranasal glucocorticosteroids
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-drying of nasal mucosa
-burning, itching in nose -sore throat -epistaxis -HA |
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MOA of Cromolyn/Nasalcrom
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suppresses release of mediators from mast cells, used prophylactically, administered on regular schedule via metered dose spray, 1 spray/nostril, 4-6x/day
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Sympathomimetics definition
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decongestants: reduce nasal congestion
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MOA of Sympathomimetics
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activate alpha 1 adrenergic receptors in nasal blood vessels-->vasoncontriction, shrinkage of swollen membranes, and nasal drainage.
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IND of Sympathomimetics
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-allergic rhinitis
-cold/sinusitis |
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AE of Sympathomimetics
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spray: rebound congestion
po : CNS stimulation CV effects potential for abuse |
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List all meds for cough
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1. Antitussives: supress cough
a. Opiod: codeine and hydrocodone b. Non-opiod: Dextromethorphan benzonatate/Tessalon 2. Expectorants: Robitussin 3. Mucolytics: Mucomyst. |
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Antitussives MOA
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Act in CNS to elevate cough threshold, dec freq, intensity of cough.
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Antitussives AE
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Opiod: codeine and hydrocodone
-respiratory deppression -potential for abuse Non-opiod Dextromethorphan/Tessalon -minimal effects, dizziness, sedation |
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Non-opiod Dextromethorphan MOA
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active ingredient in most non-precript cough meds. Same as opiod, acts in the CNS to elevate cough threshold.
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Non-opiod Dextromethorphan AE
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minimal effects
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Non-opiod benzonate/Tessalon MOA
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dec sensitivty of stretch receptors in respiratory tract.
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Non-opiod benzonate/Tessalon AE
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dizziness, sedation
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