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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the qualifications for president?
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35 years old, 14 years resident and natural born citizen
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Define the 22nd Amendment
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Limits the president to 2 terms of office
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What is the line of the succession to the presidency?
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Vice Pres. - Speaker - Pres. Pro Tem - Sec. of state
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Define the 25th Amendment?
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Sets up the rules if the president is disabled
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What are the Non- constitutional powers of the president?
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1unity of office
2President’s character and personality . 3the growing complexity of society 4congressional delegation of authority to the executive branch 5use of the electronic throne |
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How does the President maximize his power and effectiveness.
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1president should get things done early in their terms when their popularity is highest
2Don’t try to do too much 3place more trust in your immediate white house staff instead of cabinet secretaries with divided loyalties |
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Define chief executive
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The power to enforce laws, treaties and court decisions comes from the presidents role as
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Define Chief Jurist
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The president appoints federal judges, issues pardons and amnesty
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list the ways congress can check the power of the president as chief executive is
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1by the power of the purse, appropriating or not appropriating money for federal programs
2.Senate can reject appointments and treaties 3.impeachment by the house and removal by the Senate |
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The descibe the history of the presidential support staff.
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1. started small, pres answered own phone
2.now 500 + |
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List the parts of the Executive Office of the President?
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1White House office
2National Securtiy Council (NSC) 3Council of Economic Advisors (CEA) 4Office of Management and Budget(OMB) |
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Define the rule of Propinquity.
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When power is wielded by the people who are in the room where decisions
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Define and explain the two methods for organizing the White House office
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1. Pyramid -The White House staff organizational method where assisstants report through a hierarchy and then ultimately to the chief of staff
2. Circular -President is the hub and numerous assisstants are the spokes |
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What requirements is the president looking for when he chooses his whithe house office staff?
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the most loyal
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Define the Office of Management and Budget
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The agency helps the president prepare the annual budget and review federal programs
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Define CEA Council of Economic Advisors
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This is a 3 person advisory group that helps the President with economic policy
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List the 4 ways the president sets his policy agenda when he is acting as chief legilator
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1giving the state of the union address every January
2. proposes legislation 3.vetoes legislation 4. calls special sessions of congress |
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Why do cabinet secretaries have divided loyalites?
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1President appoints, but congress funds, and they have to deal with employees everyday
2presidents goals often conflict with cabinet department goals |
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list the reasons the President has little influence over the cabinet departments
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90% of all the people who work in cabinet departments are civil service employees which the president cannot fire.
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List the factors that affects the selection of cabinet secretaries
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1.party affiliation
2.interest groups influence 3.Race 4.gender 5.Geographic diversity 6Confirmablity |
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What type of background do most appointees have?
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1. come from private industry, universities, law firms
2.most have some federal experience, some just prior to appointment 3. Some are in and outers - alternate between private and public sector jobs |
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Define revolving door
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alternate between private and public sector jobs
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List the presidents emergency powers
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President assumes great powers in time of emergency, control of manufacturing, suspension of mail and habeas corpus
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List the new checks on the presidents power
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1.congressional leaders
2.cabinet members 3. bureaucrats 4.political parties 5.interest groups 6.media 7.senators use of holds 8.divided government |
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What are the constitutional duties of the Vice President?
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1. take over for the president if the office is vacant
2. Preside over the senate and vote only in case of ties. |
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lIst the reasons a presidential candidate will choose a person to run with them as vice president?
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1. Balancing the ticket
2. their qualifications |
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List the sources of conflict between the president and congress is
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1.separation of powers/checks and balances
2.represent different constituencies 3.different times of election 4.partisanship 5.unity of office |
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list the ways a president can influence congress
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1. use the media
2.mandate of the people 3. party chief 4.Patronage 5. Personal lobbying of members of congress 6.veto or threat of veto 7.presence of national emergency |
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List two reasons presidents us patronage
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1. can carry out his policy his way
2. Enables president to cultivate members of Congress by seeking their input on appointments |
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List the reasons the president’s power has grown into what some refer to as an ‘imperial presidency”
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1. Economic growth necessitated a strong executvie branc
2. congress itself has delegated strong powers to the executive branch |
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List the reasons a president would choose to use an executive agreement
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1. Doesn't have to be ratified by the senate
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Define Executive Privilege
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The right of the President to not divulge conversations between himself and his advisers
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Then name of the court case that ruled that presidents are in fact entitled to executive privilege most of the time, except in crimminal cases
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U.S. v. Nixon
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Define impoundment
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The refusal of the President to spend money that has been appropriated by Congress
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List the ways in which Congress responded to the presidential abuse of the commander in chief powers
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1.passed the war powers act of 1973
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Define the War Powers Act
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1Must notify congress within 48 hours
2.withdraw troops within 60 days 3. consult congress it troops are to engage in combat 4. congress can pass a resolution, not subject to presidential veto, to withdraw troops |
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Define the Hughes Ryan Act
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Congress passied the Hughes Ryan Act which established 8 oversight committees to stop CIA abuses
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Define senatorial courtesy
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A long established practice that before a President makes a judicial appointment within a state, he will consult with the two senators of that state to get their approval
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List of the possible obstacles a president must deal with when making appointments
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1senatorial courtesy (except for supreme court)
2Senate closely scrutinizes appointments in the confirmation interviews 3rule of fitness no longer applies, a nominees policy preferences are fair game 4The senate has used “holds” on a regualr basis which have caused long confirmation delays |
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Define legislative veto
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Congress would pass a law and the relevant executive agency issued regulations to enforce the law. Congress could then analyze those regulations and veto them if it so desired.
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Define Congressional Review Act of 1996
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This law allowed congress to repeal regulations with approval of the president.
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List the ways congress tried to curb presidential power in the area of foriegn affairs?
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1Used appropriations power to influence foriegn policy in Viet Nam
2Iran Contra congressional oversight hearings 3Extensive debate over the U.S. involvement in war against Iraq. |
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List the elements of the legislative committee system that influences the legislative process
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1members of congress develop policy expertise
2logrolling and reciprocity speeds the process and allows congress to get more done 3party representation is reflective of the chamber as a whole. The majority party holds chairs of committees and the majority of members on the committee. Therefore the majority party pushes it’s own agenda |
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Why hasn't the electoral college been abolished?
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1 History/tradition
2. no clear consensus on an alternate plan 3.would require a constitutional amendment which is not easy to achieve 4. benefits the small states 5. helps to ensure that a majority of electoral votes are earned by one candidate |
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Define legislative veto
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Congress would pass a law and the relevant executive agency issued regulations to enforce the law. Congress could then analyze those regulations and veto them if it so desired.
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Define Congressional Review Act of 1996
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This law allowed congress to repeal regulations with approval of the president.
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List the ways congress tried to curb presidential power in the area of foriegn affairs?
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1Used appropriations power to influence foriegn policy in Viet Nam
2Iran Contra congressional oversight hearings 3Extensive debate over the U.S. involvement in war against Iraq. |
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List the elements of the legislative committee system that influences the legislative process
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1members of congress develop policy expertise
2logrolling and reciprocity speeds the process and allows congress to get more done 3party representation is reflective of the chamber as a whole. The majority party holds chairs of committees and the majority of members on the committee. Therefore the majority party pushes it’s own agenda |
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Why hasn't the electoral college been abolished?
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1 History/tradition
2. no clear consensus on an alternate plan 3.would require a constitutional amendment which is not easy to achieve 4. benefits the small states 5. helps to ensure that a majority of electoral votes are earned by one candidate |
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list the reasons the electoral college hinders 3rd party candidates
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1. can get a lot of popular vote and no electoral votes
2. difficulty in winning electoral votes hampers the ability to raise funds and gain other campaign resources |
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list the goals of gerrymandering
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1.to enhance political party strength
2.protect incumbents 3. increase minority representation 4. punish enemies |
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What limits has the supreme court placed on congressional redistricting/
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1. Districts mus be equally populated
2.lones must be contiguous or connected 3.can't dilute minority voting strength 4. can't be drawn based on race alone |
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Define the CBO Congressional Budget Office
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created by the Budget and Impoundment Control Act to be a check on the Office of Management and Budget (OMB).
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Define the Budget and Impoundment Control Act
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The Budget and Impoundment Control Act gives congress the power to override temporary presidential impoundments of money and automatically void a permant recession unless both houses approve it within 45 days
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According to Schlesinger, how has the president abused his war powers
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1. sent troops more than 125 times without congress aproval
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