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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is herd immunity
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a vaccine is more effective if more people are vaccinated
- spread of disease is stopped when herd immunity is reached around 90% for most diseases |
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What is goal of vaccines
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1. All get good B cell
2. Only good ones have T memory response 3. Only good ones have lasting effect |
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Which are the best type of vaccines?
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1. whole organism vaccines tend to do this
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What are passive vaccines usually made and used for? problems?
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Administration of Ig to protect patients with ...
a. primary humoral immunodeficiency b. protect AFTER disease exposure - these are only effective for disases against which anitbody plays an important role and short duration |
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. What are currently available vaccines?
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STARK- subunit, toxoid, attenuated, recombinant, killed but for this test...
1. Live, attenuated 2. inactivated (non-living)- a. killed, whole, subunit b. microbial extracts or pathogen products: recombinant, conjugate, toxoid |
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describe the attenuated pathogen vaccination and how it works?
how many doses? |
live but attenuated "non-virulent" pathogen
- multiplies in host and provides continuous antigenic stimulation - single dose provides cell mediated immunity NO USE IN COMPROMISED INDIVIDUALS |
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describe killed pathogen vaccination
doses? |
- doesnt multiply in human host and is killed with heat or formalin
- needs multiple doses and boosters |
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Describe the vaccination: Subunit types
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1. Microbial extracts- molecules extracted from the pathogen, TOXOID VACCINES- prepared against exotoxins when pathogenecity is due to secreted toxin
2. conjugated polysaccharides vaccines- covalent bonding allows it work |
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Virus vs bacterial vaccinations?
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Bacterial are usually Microbial extracts
Virus are usually attenuated pathogens |
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NAme the bacterial attenuated pathogen vaccines?
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1. typhoid fever
2. BCG (for TB) |
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NAme the bacterial killed pathogen vaccines?
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a. pertussis
b. cholera c. plague |
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NAme the bacterial microbial extracts/ products pathogen vaccines?
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Acellular pertussis
Diphtheria (toxoid) H. influenzae (conjugated) Pneumococcal (conjugated) Meningococcal (conjugated) Tetanus (toxoid) |
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NAme the bacterial attenuated pathogen vaccines?
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MMR: Mumps,
Measles, Rubella Varicella-zoster Influenza (intranasal) Rotavirus Rabies Yellow fever Variola |
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NAme the bacterial killed pathogen vaccines?
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Polio (Salk)
Hep A Influenza Rabies Japanese encephalitis |
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NAme the bacterial microbial extracts/ products pathogen vaccines?
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Hep B (inactivated surface Ag; recombinant Ag)
HPV (subunit) |
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when do you not administer simultaneous vaccines?
t/f increasing the interval between vaccines does not diminish the effectiveness? |
cholera and yellow fever and never mix vaccines in same syringe
true |
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t/f live vaccines will result in mild form of illness
Common A/e of inactivated vaccines? |
true
- local reaction of fever |
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General rule of dosage of live attenuated vaccine?
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one single dose
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C/I to vaccinations
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1. severe allergy to vaccine, encephalopathy occuring within 7 days
2. Acute febrile illness 3. immunocompromised |
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4 vaccines must be up-to-date before living in a college dorm
or military barracks: |
– Tdap
– meningococcal vaccine (MCV4) – HPV vaccine series – seasonal influenza |
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older children if they did not receive all recommended doses
when younger, should get |
HepB, Polio, MMR, VZV
– some need additional vaccines due to specific health conditions or household exposure: • Influenza • Pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPV) • HepA |
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For yet even older kids what is tdaps given?
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– Boostrix (10-64 yoa)
– ADACEL (11-64) |
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HPV vaccines?
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• Given ages 9-26 years of age
• Three doses • Has antigens against strains 6,11, 16, & 18 • At least 6 months between first and third doses • At least 4 weeks between 1st two doses • At least 12 weeks between last two doses |
