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60 Cards in this Set
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Subclinical Johne's disease:
- ileum: % T cells up or down? - subpopulations? |
- % T cells up
- mainly memory (CD2+ CD62L-) and regulatory (CD4+ CD25+) T cells - decrease of T cells with activated phenotype - decrease in cells expressing MHCII General T cell and B cell hyporesponsiveness is suggested; state of tolerance, may be induced by proliferation of regulatory T cells that suppress mucosal immune responses. |
Vet Pathol 43:127-135 (2006)
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Ovine intestinal adenocarcinoma:
Changes in: - beta-catenin? - E-cadherin? - COX-2? - p53? |
- loss of membranous beta-catenin in 54 %
- loss of E-cadherin in 31 % - expression of COX-2 in 46 % - p53 expression in 11 % |
Vet Pathol 43:613 (2006)
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Paratuberculosis: differences cattle versus sheep and goats?
Pathogenesis / virulence factors bovine paratuberculosis / Map? |
Sheep and goats:
- focal intestinal lesions (granulomas) in ileocecal and jejunal Peyer's patches - 2 forms in animals with clinical signs: 1. "paucibacillary" (lymphocytes, macrophages, few mycobacteria); 2. "multibacillary" (macrophages filled with mycobacteria). Cattle: - focal forms more frequently in lnn. - in animals with clinical signs: intermediate forms besides 2 main types described in sheep. - high numbers of multinucleated Langhans giant cells. Map strains can be separated into sheep types and cattle types. M-cell rich Peyer's patches are portal of entry (especially young animals; via milk). Altering normal phagosomal maturation pathways. Preventing apoptosis. From subclinical to clinical: hypothesis: switch type 1 tot type 2 response. Decrease in IFNgamma mediated by increase in IL-10 and TGFbeta, which inhibit macrophage microbicidal and antigen-presenting ability. Progressive loss in CD4+ helper T cells that recognize mycobacterial antigens. |
Valentin Pérez plenary paper ESVP proceedings 2006
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Inflammatory cytokine gene expression in different types of granulomatous lesions during asymptomatic stages of bovine paratuberculosis:
Tuberculoid type versus lepromatous type. Histo and cytokine differences? |
Tuberculoid type: early stages, strong cell mediated response.
- many lymphocytes, macrophages, Langhans cells - fewer epithelioids, few mycobacteria - more IL-18 Lepromatous type: - many epithelioids, macrophages, many mycobacteria - fewer lymphocytes - more IL-4, IL-10 (Th2), more IL-2 (Th1) |
Vet Pathol 42:579-588 (2005)
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Paratuberculosis in cattle: sampling of which tissues is mainly important for a histopathological diagnosis?
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Ileal and caudal jejunal lymph nodes.
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JCP 133(2-3)184-96 (2005)
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iNOS in bovine Johne's disease?
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- iNOS is a marker for Th1 mediated macrophage activation; Th1 type cytokines include IFNgamma, IL2, TNFalpha.
- iNOS expression in intestine Johne's disease: low iNOS expression; all cases lepromatous type granulomas; correlated with heavy mycobacterial burdens |
Vet Pathol 42:241-249(2005)
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What is the sequential development of histologic lesions after infections of lambs with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis?
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1. microgranulomas in ileal or ileocecal Peyer's patches (macrophages and some neutrophils; bacteria through M cells in dome of PP)
2. small focal granulomas in mucosa associated with PP (spread) 3. multiple granulomas or segmental in PP and jejunal and ileal mucosa associated or not associated with PP 4. diffuse granulomatous enteritis |
Vet Pathol 41(4):378-387(2004)
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Peste des petits ruminants (outbreak in Turkey):
Etiology? Related to which other agents? Principle gross lesions? Histo? |
Family paramyxoviridae, genus Morbillivirus, related to rinderpest virus, canine distemper virus, measles virus.
- digestive and respiratory systems; erosive necrotic stomatitis and enterocolitis; interstitial pneumonia + bacterial bronchopneumonia. - syncytial cells, inclusion bodies: tongue, buccal, labial and soft palate mucosae - lung: sync. cells alv. lumina, cytopl. i.b. in epith. cells bronchi(oli); enteritis + destruction of lymphoid cells in Peyer's patches. IHC: strong + lung, oral tissues, small intestine. NB no lung lesions in rinderpest! |
JCP 131(2-3):135-41(2004)
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- Small ruminant lentiviruses infect mainly which cells?
- which organs affected? lesions? |
- monocyte / macrophage lineage
- lymphohistiocytic interstitial pneumonia with perivascular and bronchial cuffing, and smooth muscle hyperplasia - pulmonary lymphoid hyperplasia - lymphocytic indurative mastitis - lymphocytic polyarthritis - lymphocytic encephalomyelitis - follicular hyperplasia of lymph nodes and spleen - this article: virus detected (PCR, IHC) in cytoplasm of hepatocytes and cardiac myocytes; mild to moderate chronic lymphocytic cholangiohepatitis and myocarditis and small lymphoid aggregates, NO typical lymphoproliferative lesions (follicle-like structures with germinal centres) in liver and heart. - 3rd eyelid, kidneys: lymphoproliferative-follicular hyperplasia |
JCP 2007 136,27-35
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Acute anhydrous ammonia intoxication in cattle:
Gross? Histo? |
- corneal ulcers
- fibrinonecrotizing rhinitis - hemorrhages nasal sinuses - anterioventral bronchopneumonia Histo: - degeneration and necrosis of superficial epithelium lining nasal passages, trachea, and pulmonary airways * sec. bact. infections! |
JVDI 18:485-489(2006)
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2 contagious neoplastic diseases of secretory epithelial cells in the respiratory system of sheep and goats? Cells of origin? Etiologies?
Which signalling pathway is important? |
- ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA); type II pneumocyte / Clara cell; Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV)
- enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma (ENA); nasal mucosal gland cells; enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV) Erk1/2 pathway. (MAP kinase cascade) Transcription factors 90Rsk and Elk-1 activated in OPA and ENA. c-Myc activated only in OPA. |
JCP 2006, 135, 1-10
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In foot-and-mouth disease, the pharyngeal region is important in relation to acute disease and viral persistence. In the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), which cytokine is mainly increased in acute disease? and in carriers?
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Acute disease: IFNalpha
Carriers: TNFalpha |
JCP 2006 56
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Principle microscopic lesions of malignant catarrhal fever?
MCF-like disease in sheep inducible with ovine herpesvirus 2? |
- inflammation / necrosis of alimentary, urinary, upper respiratory epithelium
- generalized lymphoid proliferation and necrosis - vasculitis MCF-like disease induced with OvHV-2 (background info: alphaherpesvirinae; sheep and wildebeest subclinically, bovines and deer clinically affected) |
JVDI 17(2):171-5 (2005)
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Why are sheep immunotolerant of jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV)?
Target cell? Virus entry receptor? Viral protein that induces tumors? |
They express closely related endogenous retroviruses.
type II pneumocyte; target cell for oncogenesis. Virus entry receptor: Hyal2. Viral envelope (Env) protein induces tumors. |
Nature 434, 14 april 2005, p. 904
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Which of the following cells of the respiratory tract in cattle displayed immunoreactivity for bovine viral diarrhea virus in calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus serotype 2a?
- mononuclear leukocytes - vascular smooth muscle - endoneural and perineural cells - squamous epithelium - ciliated columnar epithelium - goblet cells - mixed tubuloalveolar glands of nasal cavity: serous secretory cells, ductular epithelium - chondrocytes of the concha - nasal mucus-secreting glands - tracheobronchial glands - alveolar macrophages - interalveolar leukocytes - interalveolar mesenchymal cells |
All except goblet cells.
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Vet Pathol 42:192-199 (2005)
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Is the occurrence of jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus greater in sheep with lesions of enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma than in sheep with no lesions of enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma?
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Yes; this suggests a synergistic relationship between ENTV-1 and JSRV, resulting in increased proliferation of JSRV.
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JCP 131(4)253-8 (2004)
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Bovicola ovis; louse infested sheep response versus naïve sheep response?
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Infested sheep respond more strongly in the following parameters:
IL4 (Th2-type cytokine); eosinophils basophils mononuclear inflammatory cells acute response (IgE mediated type I hypersensitivity) late phase response Consistent with "allergy"; sensitization probably transcutaneous to louse faeces. |
JCP 2007 136, 36-48
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Sheeppox:
Most prominent pathological change? Inflammatory infiltrate in pox lesions in skin and lung? Expression of MHCI and MHCII in affected areas? Which viruses obstruct MHCII expression to avoid detection by CD4+ T cells? |
Accumulation of sheeppox cells (SPCs), Cellules claveleuses of Borrel, with inflammatory cells in the skin, respiratory tract, and other sites.
SPCs have a distinctly vacuolated nucleus and marginated chromatin and occasionally show granular intracytoplasmic inclusions. SPCs are monocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts (NOT endothelial cells). In both skin and lung: MHCII DCs, CD4, CD8, gammadelta+ T cells, IgM+ cells, and CD21+ cells and, to a lesser extent, B cells. Cell mediated immune response to SPV. Loss of expression of MHCI and MHCII antigens in affected skin and lung areas. Herpes, retro, pox can obstruct class II expression (maybe others as well). |
Vet Pathol 43:67-75(2006)
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Bone formation in clinically normal adult sheep right atrial myocardium:
significance? associated lesions? |
Cartilage and/or bone; micro:
mature lamellar bone enclosing adipose tissue, with occasional new bone formation by endochondral ossification. No degenerative changes in the affected atrial myocardium. Clinically insignificant background change. |
JVDI 19:518-524 (2007)
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Myocarditis associated with foot-and-mouth disease virus type O in lambs:
Lesions? Clinical signs? FMDV uses which receptor? |
- myocardial lesions: mononuclear (macro/mono/Tlym/Blym;peripheral: neutr) infiltration, hyaline degeneration, necrosis of sheets of myocytes. Fragmentation of myocytes.
No clinical signs. Adults in flock: oral lesions/salivation/lameness - NO typical vesicular lesions FMDV uses integrins as receptors. |
Vet Pathol 44:589-599 (2007)
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Rupture of abdominal artery aneurysm in dairy cattle:
Gross finding on necropsy? Which animals affected? Histo? Cause arterial rupture in pigs and turkeys? Syndrome with vascular rupture in cattle? |
Female adult Holsteins
- hemoabdomen - dilated ruptured abdominal aorta or branch (single vessel) - thin irregular width T. media with decreased, disrupted, fragmented, and coiled elastin - smooth muscle hyperplasia T. media - 48% mucinous change T. media - 30% mineralization T. media - granulation tissue and hemorrhage at rupture site - hyperplasia T. intima Pigs and turkeys: defects in lysyl oxidase secondary to copper deficiency -> decreased and abnormal layering of elastin. Cattle: Marfan syndrome (decreased fibrillin production; elastin similarly abnormal). |
JVDI 19:273-278 (2007)
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Why is a possible role of bovine papillomavirus suggested in bovine urinary bladder vascular tumors?
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BPV-2 DNA present in all tumors examined.
E5 and E7 oncoproteins in 96% and 74%, not in normal endothelial cells. E5 co-localized with PDGFbeta receptor (which is thought to play a role in cellular transformation). |
Cancer Letters 250(1):82-91,2007
("Noteworthy", Vet Pathol 44:727,2007) |
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Levels of gangliosides in urinary bladder tumors of cattle versus normal bladder?
Role of gangliosides in which functions? Urinary bladder tumors: metastatic potential cattle versus canine? |
Gangliosides (sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids) higher in neoplastic than in normal bladder.
Gangliosides: critical role in adhesion, cell growth and apoptosis. Commonly changed structure in neoplasia. Cattle: 10 % metastases Canine: 48 % metastases (most often regional lymph nodes) |
JCP 2007 138,87-93
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Bovine enzootic hematuria:
Toxic cause? Specific muation / increased protein expression in bladder tumors? Viral cause? Most frequent bladder lesion? Most frequent benign epithelial tumor? Most frequent malignant tumor? Most frequent mesenchymal tumor? |
Ptaquiloside in bracken fern.
Mutation: codon 61 of h-ras; H-ras expression increased in chronic cystitis and tumors. Bovine papillomavirus in bladder; bracken fern -> changes in virus -> expression of viral oncoprotein E5 and modified telomerase activity (synergism BPV-2 and bracken fern). Most frequent: polypoid and follicular cystitis. Benign epith: papilloma Malignant: transitional cell carcinoma Mesenchymal: hemangioma (2nd most common overall) |
JCP 2006 134(4):336-46
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Uroplakin IIIb in urinary bladder tumors of cows:
marker of which cells? marker of which type of lesion? does UPIIIb expression correlate with biological behaviour of urothelial tumors? |
Urothelial cell marker
Sensitive urothelial tumor marker Does not correlate with biological behavior |
Vet Pathol 42:812-818(2005)
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Microscopical lesions and antigen distribution in bovine fetal tissues and placentae following infection with Bovine Herpesvirus-1 during pregnancy?
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Micro:
- liver: multifocal coagulative necrosis (with or without inflammation) - necrotic placentitis (villous necrosis, necrosis of vascular endothelium and infiltration of necrotic villi by mixed infl. cells) - multifocal necrosis in kidney, spleen, hepatic lymph node - hemorrhage in lung and kidney. - IHC: BHV-1 Ag in association with these lesions, - also focal labelling of endothelium of small blood vessels and surrounding glial processes in brain - isolation from placenta and pooled tissues |
JCP 2007 137,94-101
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Estrogen receptors alpha and beta and progesterone receptors in cystic ovarian disease:
changes in the levels of these receptors in the cysts, compared to normal follicles? |
ERalpha up
ERbeta down PR no difference |
Vet Pathol 44:373-378 (2007)
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Cystic follicles in bovine cystic ovarian disease:
Levels of: vimentin cytokeratin desmin muscle specific actin alpha smooth muscle actin ? |
cytokeratin: high in granulosa cells
vimentin: high in granulosa cells rest: not related in cystic follicles. |
JCP 2007 136,222-230
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What is the cause of enzootic abortion of ewes in sheep?
Chronology of pathologic lesions? Important cytokine expressed in fetal membranes? Compositions of cellular infiltrates in chorioallantois and endometrial and septal lesions? |
Chlamyodophila abortus.
- Chlam. inclusions trophoblasts lining chorioallantoic villi at hilus of placentomes - loss of chorionic surface - inflammation underlying chorioallantois - occasional chlam. inclusions endometrial epithelium at edge of placentomes, ass. with focal endometritis. Fetal membranes: TNFalpha, lesser IFNgamma. Chorioallantois: neutrophils, macrophages, few lymphocytes (innate) Endometrial and septal lesions: T lymphocytes (acquired immune response). |
JCP 2006 135(2-3)83-92
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Coxiella burnetii in pregnant goats:
character and distribution of placental immune response? |
Cb: trophoblasts of c.a. membrane 1st.
Vasculitis in fetal mesenchyme. Interplacentomal strong T cell response, neutrophils in placentomes. In Brucella abortus and Chlam. abortus: erythrophagocytic trophoblast 1st invaded. |
JCP 135 2-3 2006 108-115
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Immune response in the placenta of cattle with Neospora caninum infection:
Which cytokines are beneficial for maintaining pregnancy, which are harmful? IFNgamma TNFalpha TGFbeta IL4 IL10 And for fighting the infection? |
Beneficial for pregnancy: TGFbeta, IL4, IL10.
Harmful for pregnancy: IFNgamma, TNFalpha IFNgamma and TNFalpha: Th1 response; reduces the intracellular replication of tachyzoites; and CD4+ T cells are cytotoxic for N.c. infected cells. |
JCP 2006 135(2-3)130-41
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Name three infectious causes of abortion in sheep which are associated with vasculitis.
For each of these causes, mention the gross cotyledonary (C) and intercotyledonary (IC) lesions. |
Campylobacter fetus fetus
C = friable, yellow IC = edema, exudate Chlamydophila abortus C = necrosis IC = brown exudate Brucella ovis C = necrosis IC = brown exudate |
AFIP WSC 05 22 Conference Comment (Table!)
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Explain the main mechanisms in the pathogenesis of abortion due to Neospora caninum in cattle.
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- primary parasite-induced placental damage (1. jeopardises fetal survival directly; 2. causes release of maternal prostaglandins -> luteolysis and abortion)
- fetal damage (1. multiplication of N. caninum in fetus; 2. placental damage -> insufficient oxygen/nutrition) - maternal immune expulsion of the fetus (placentitis -> Th1 type cytokines IFNgamma/IL2/TNFalpha -> abortion) |
JCP 2006 134,267-289
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Experimental Coxiella burnetii infection (subcutaneous inoculation) in pregnant goats:
- was there vasculitis? - which type of placentitis? - maternal T-cell response interplacentomal areas vs placentomes? |
- vasculitis in fetal mesenchyme (not in placenta)
- necrosuppurative placentitis - strong maternal T-cell response in interplacentomal areas, NOT in placentomes, where only neutrophils and smaller numbers of macrophages were associated with the lesions. |
JCP 2006 135,108-115
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Uterine mast cells and immunoglobulin antibody responses during clearance of Tritrichomonas foetus:
Mast cell degranulation? Ig? |
Mast cell degranulation: yes.
IgG1, IgA, IgM and IgE antibodies. Inversely related to subepithelial mast cell numbers. Little IgG2. (IgG1 corresponds with Th2 response; IgG2 with Th1). Uptake in uterine epithelial cells. Lymphoid nodules below Ag+ epithelium. |
Vet Pathol 42:282-290 (2005)
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Natural goat scrapie:
- histopath? - influenced by PrP genotype? |
- bilateral symmetrical
- neuropil vacuolation (spongiosis) - perikaryonal vacuolation - occasional mild perivascular infiltrations and astrocytosis in vacuolated areas Most affected animals carried the VVIIHHRR genotype. IHC: 10 types of PrPsc accumulation. |
JCP 2006 2-3:116-29
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Sheep scrapie:
- typical Western blot pattern? - susceptibility of sheep is largely controlled by what? |
- PrPres: partial resistance to proteases and insolubility in detergents. After pK treatment and WB, PrPres exhibits a typical 3-band pattern, whereas PrPc is totally digested.
- polymorphisms at the PrP gene (pnp); susceptible: VRQ/VRQ ARQ/ARQ ARQ/VRQ More resistant: ARR/ARR |
EID 13 1 january 2007
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Sheep scrapie:
Tissue and cellular localization of PrPSc suggested 3 different routes. Which localizations and which routes? |
1. lymph node sinuses and lymphatic -> lymph
2. PNS and CNS (satellite cells as early targets) -> periaxonal 3. areas of vascular amyloid-like PrPSc in brain -> hematogenous All inoculated sheep were PrPsc+ in CNS. Poor correlation amount of PrPsc and clinical signs. |
Vet Pathol 42:258-274 (2005)
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Scrapie in sheep:
Is finding of PrPSc in mammary glands associated with mastitis? |
Yes.
Present in scrapie-infected sheep with mastitis, absent if they either have no scrapie or no mastitis. |
Nature Medicine 11(11)2005 p1138
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Differences in Nor98 variant of scrapie versus classical scrapie?
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- no pruritus
- histo: vacuolation molecular layer cerebellum (not brainstem) - IHC: diffuse granular staining molecular layer cerebellum So sampling the obex alone is not enough, IHC could be negative if you don't have the cerebellum! - ARR/ARR sheep get it |
JVDI 16(6):562-7 2004
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Amyloidosis in sheep scrapie:
Where? Rare or frequent? Dependent on genotype? |
Vascular.
Rare. Dependent on the presence of at least one valine at codon 136. |
JCP 131(4):271-6 2004
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Bovine viral diarrhea viral antigen expression in persistently infected calves:
Cell types infected? Where was antigen staining most prominent in the brain? |
- Neurons, astrocytes, oligodendroglia, blood vessel-associated cells (pericytes, perivascular macrophages, smooth muscle cells) and cells in the leptomeninges (blood vessel-associated cells).
- Thalamic nuclei, followed by hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, basal nuclei, piriform cortex. Variable intensity and topography. |
Vet Pathol 44:643-654 (2007)
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Storage disease in goats induced by Ipomoea carnea subsp fistulosa:
- Gross? - Histo? - Ultrastructural? - Useful extra diagnostic technique? - DDx? |
- muscle atrophy and pallor
- cytoplasmic vacuolation neurons CNS / autonomous NS, pancreas, hepatocytes, Kupffer, thyroid, macrophages lymphatic tissues. Neuronal necrosis, axonal spheroids, astrogliosis in brain. - vacuoles: distended lysosomes surrounded by single-layered membrane - Lectin histochemistry: identifying nature of stored material in glycoproteinoses. - DDx other plants (such as Swainsona spp.), inherited storage diseases (beta-mannosidosis, mucopolysaccharidosis). |
Vet Pathol 44:170-184 (2007)
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Visna in sheep:
- can they have myelitis as the only lesion? - gross? - histo? |
- yes, in 12/118 cases (10 %) !!!
- swollen discoloured area in white matter - wedge shaped area of nonsupp leucomyelitis with 1. vascular pattern: perivascular cuffs; 2. malacic pattern (commonest): w.m. destruction and few macrophages; 3. infiltrative pattern: many histiocytes in parenchyma. |
JCP 2006
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Complex vertebral malformation:
main gross features? |
- growth retardation (constant)
- head: dysplasia / palatoschisis; broad neurocranium - vertebral column: hemivertebrae, butterfly vertebrae, scoliosis, ankylosis, misschapen spinous processes - ribs: synostosis, reduction in number - limbs: flexed front legs (constant), arthrogryposis - heart: dextroposition aorta, VSD, secondary eccentric right ventricular hypertrophy |
JVDI 16(6):548-53 2004
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Bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma:
p53? Ki67? |
p53 immunoreactivity in 10 / 15 tumors
Ki67 : 12 / 15 expression NO correlation between % p53 + nuclei and degree of differentiation! YES correlation between Ki67 and histologic pattern (higher in poorly differentiated OSCC) |
Vet Pathol 42:66-73 2005
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Mycoplasma otitis in calves:
associated lesion? risk factor? |
77 % also pneumonia (mycoplasma)
risk factor: mycoplasma mastitis |
JVDI 16(5):397-402 2004
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Malignant catarrhal fever in bison after intranasal inoculation:
- susceptible? - gross? - histo? Differences compared to cattle? |
More susceptible than cattle; heavy mortality.
Gross: serous atrophy of fat, diffuse fibrinous typhlocolitis, multifocal hemorrhagic cystitis, erosive-ulcerative stomatitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, esophagitis, reticulitis, rumenitis, omasitis, abomasitis. Histo: disseminated arteritis-phlebitis (3/4), mild nonsupp encephalitis with gliosis (3/4). Bison die without florid bilateral keratoconjunctivitis or purulent rhinitis. Arteritis-phlebitis cannot be relied upon for diagnosis in bison. Lymphadenomegaly is minimal; when it occurs: fibrin in sinusoidal spaces, necrosis of lymphoid cells, vasculitis, lymphadenitis, but NO marked paracortical lymphoid expansion. |
Vet Pathol 44:655-662 (2007)
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Natural peste des petits ruminants in sheep and goats in Turkey:
Main diagnostic lesions? |
- erosive-ulcerative stomatitis
- fibrino-necrotic tracheitis - bronchointerstitial pneumonia - multifocal coagulation necrosis liver - severe lymphocytolysis lymphoid tissues * syncytial cells * eosinophilic intracytoplasmic and/or intranuclear inclusions |
Vet Pathol 44:479-486 (2007)
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Intoxication of cattle and goats with Prosopis juliflora:
lesions? E.M.? |
Impairment of cranial nerve function.
Vacuolation and loss of neurons in trigeminal motor nuclei and other motor cranial nerve nuclei, with Wallerian-like degeneration in the cranial nerves. E.M.: neurons had markedly swollen mitochondria with mitochondrial cristae displaced peripherally, disoriented and disintegrating. |
Vet Pathol 43:695 (2006)
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Bluetongue in ovine:
* congenital anomalies in newborn lambs (with stage of gestation in which dam is infected)? - lesions in systemic bluetonge? |
* <50 d - fetal absorption/abortion
* 40-60 d - hydranencephaly and retinopathy * 75 d - porencephaly * 100 d - mild focal meningoencephalitis * cerebellar and spinal cord hypoplasia - focal hemorrhage of tunica media at base of pulmonary artery - tongue cyanosis - laminitis - coronitis - skeletal and cardiac muscle hemorrhage, edema, necrosis |
VSPO
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Bluetongue in ovine:
- typical light microscopic findings lamb CNS (varies with stage of gestation that the dam is infected)? - Ultrastructural findings? |
- 40-60 d - severe necrotizing encephalopathy and retinopathy
- 75 d - multifocal encephalitis, vacuolation of w.m., formation of a porous cavity lined by astrocytes and hemosiderin-laden macrophages - at 100 d - focal mild meningoencephalitis E.M.: nonenveloped, 80 nm diameter, almost spherical with icosahedral symmetry and an outer, middle and inner capsid. |
VSPO
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Bluetongue:
Comparative pathology Deer, antelope, elk, Cattle, North American elk, Goat? |
- Cattle and N.A. elk: usually subclinical
- Goat: minimal clin signs - Deer, antelope, elk: Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease (Reoviridae, Orbivirus) is similar to bluetongue, widespread hemorrhages, hemorrhage at base A. pul., oral and GI erosions/ulcerations. |
VSPO
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Ovine Herpesvirus-2:
- does viral replication occur at site of entry? - where is viral DNA first detected after infection? - transmission pathways? - during latency: viral DNA load was high in which organs? - viral DNA in ejaculates? |
- not detected.
- first in leukocytes, later in nasal cavity / conjunctivae - respiratory and sexual - SI, lung, vesicular gland - yes |
Veterinary Microbiology vol 113 issues 3-4 p.211-222 2006
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Bovine Herpesvirus-4:
latency in which cells/organs? |
- mononuclear blood cells
- nervous ganglia - other, e.g. bone marrow |
Veterinary Microbiology vol 113 issues 3-4 p.211-222 2006
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malignant catarrhal fever agents AlHV-1 and OvHV-2:
which cells persistently carry the virus? |
CD4 and CD8 + lymphocytes
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Veterinary Microbiology vol 113 issues 3-4 p.211-222 2006
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Hypotrichosis and anodontia defect in cattle:
- which gene is affected? - mode of inheritance? - histologic features? - other organs affected? |
- ectodysplasin
- X-linked recessive - reduced number of hair follicles - nasolabial glands, apocrine glands, teeth, respiratory mucus glands |
Vet Derm 17:393-410 2006
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Congenital progressive alopecia / semihairlessness in cattle:
- mode of inheritance? - histologic features? - other organs affected? |
- autosomal recessive
- infundibular hyperkeratosis, degeneration of individual follicular keratinocytes - seborrhoea; dyserythropoiesis with macrocytic normochromic anemia; subcapsular hepatic fibrosis; neurological abnormalities |
Vet Derm 17:393-410 2006
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Congenital hypotrichosis in cattle:
- mode of inheritance? - histologic features? - other organ affected? |
- autosomal dominant
- hypoplastic hair follicles; vacuolization and enlarged trichohyalin granules - hoof abnormalities |
Vet Derm 17:393-410 2006
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Name 4 pathogens to induce hydrosalpinx and salpingitis in cattle.
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- Ureaplasma spp.
- Mycoplasma spp. - Campylobacter spp. - Tritrichomonas spp. (and others) |
CLDavis Buergelt
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