Sa Castration & Equine Castration & Complications

1. PRE-SCROTAL, closed (best!)

2. Scrotal ablation, closed (total scrotal)

3. Open castrate - indicated if testicular neoplasia present

DOG:

1. Bleeding - slipped/inadequate ligature

2. Scrotal hematoma/seroma

3. Abscess

4. Wound breakown - sutures too tight

CAT:

1. Same as dog + Dysuria (pain when urinating) - due to cord wrapping or adhesions around bladder = not good!

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RETAINED!

SCROTAL, open castration

Dogs = usually in groin (60%)

Cats = usually inguinal

CLOSED CASTRATION!

- Suture inguinal ring in chinchillas

Rabbits = clean = leave open

Guinea pigs = dirty = close with skin glue or intradermal

FERRETS

- Castrating ferrets puts them at greater risk for CUSHING'S DISEASE (hyperadrenocorticism)

- Suprelorin is another alternative

Two asymmetric testes with no history of fluctuating swelling in the inguinal region.

- Fluctuating swelling is indicator of hernia.

1. Tetanus anti-toxin is up to date or give booster

2. Antibiotics - GIVE BEFORE SURGERY!

3. NSAIDs - started and given for a couple weeks post-surgery

1. Standing, open = under sedation and LA

2. Closed = under GA (German technique)

3. Semi-open (closed) = under GA

4. Laparoscopic

5. Cryptorchid castration (inguinal, laparotomy, laparoscopy)

1. Surgically prep the surgical area & scrub up yourself

2. Using a 1.5 in, 21 gauge needle inject 10-15 ml of 2% lidocaine into the testicle

- Grab base of the testicles, preventing them from sucking up into the abdomen, and boldly inject about 2/3 of lidocaine into testicle.

- Then let go of testicles so that they can be sucked up, leaving the syringe in the skin of scrotum, so you can then inject the rest of the lidocaine into the scrotum

- Repeat on other testicle

3. Give horse about 5 minutes, in meantime, rescrub the surgical site and yourself (GLOVE UP)!

4. Now it's standing, open castration time!

Give LA as previously described

1.Starting with testicle farthest from you, make a bold incision holding the scalpel in hand without scalpel holder(more control) through skin, tunic and even into testicle, as this disarms thecremaster muscle from pulling the testes back up.2.Testicle drops out of tunic3.Identify caudal and cranial portions4.Emasculate cord above plexus level- Ensure that when using the emasculators that the CRUSHING partis CLOSEST to the horse, and the cutting is away from the horse.5.Then repeat procedure on other testicle.6. Ligatures not reallyadvised because very hard to prevent contamination… so there will be somebleeding… warn the owner! Should be fine.

1.Anesthetize horse & keep top-up ketamine handy! (Perform full clinical exam prior to GA!)

2.Dorsal recumbency3.Surgically scrub area4.Holding testicles tightly in scrotum and make a careful incision along the lineof raphe through skin & fascia, just large enough for testicle to pop out.5.Use dry swab to expose tunic, bluntly separate cremaster muscle and thenemasculate it (stop bleeding).6.Place a ligature of 3.5/4 metric (0.1 usp)7.EMASCULATE8. Some people then exposethe 2nd testicle through same incision, but making 2ndincision is ok/better (less swelling)

* Recommended if concerned about contents oftunic/presence of hernia

1.Put under GA

2.Similar procedure as with closed initially, but then you CUT THROUGH VAGINALTUNIC to exteriorize testicle (Clamp tunic to preventlosing it) 3.Digitally perforate mesorchium, exposing spermatic cord and testiculararteries.4.Apply forceps to spermatic cord.5.Transfix and ligate ligament, vessels and tunic, and remove testicle (check forbleeding before releasing).6.Close tunic and repeat on other side.7. Close dead space, orleave open if uncertain about hemostasis.

- Pasture rest if possible or box rested and walked out for 10mins, 2-3 times a day

- Don’t expose to mares for ~ 1 month

- NSAIDs for 3-4 days

ALWAYS UNDER GA, CLOSED AND LIGATE AT THE END

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