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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
__ __ includes one motor nerve fiber and all the muscle fibers innervated by it. |
motor unit |
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This type of contraction, called __, is one in which a muscle develops tension, but does not shorten. |
isometric |
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The __ __ is the zone of sarcomere that becomes narrower during muscle contraction. |
I band |
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The primary energy source for resting muscle is __ __. |
fatty acid |
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__ skeletal muscle fibers are the type most susceptible to fatigue |
fast-twitch |
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A single-unit smooth muscle is also termed _ muscle |
viceral |
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__ is the oxygen storage pigment unique to muscle. |
myoglobin |
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The __ __ is a serous membrane that extends from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver |
lesser omentum |
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The starch-digesting enzymes of the saliva and pancreatic juice are called __. |
amylases |
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Activities of different regions of the digestive track are coordinated with each other through the __ nerve plexus between the two layers of the muscularis externa. |
myenteric |
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Pepsin is produced from a zymogen called __. |
pepsinogen |
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The partially digested slurry that passes from the stomach into the small intestine is called __. |
chyme |
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Each hepatic lobule consists of plates of epithelial cells radially arranged around a blood vessel called the __ __. |
central vein |
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As a prelude to enzymatic digestion, dietary fat must be __ , or broken up into small droplets suspended int the chyme |
emulsified |
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the duodenal hormone __ stimulates the liver and pancreas to secrete bicarbonate. |
secretin |
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Dietary lipids are taken up by a lymphatic capillary called the __ in each villus of the small intestine |
lacteal |
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The tissue __ constitutes most of the bulk of a tooth. |
dentin |
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___ ___, which is a salivary enzyme, is activated in the stomach |
lingual lipase |
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The stomach cells that secrete hydrochloric acid are the __ __. |
parietal cells |
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the place where the digestive and respiratory tracts cross, the __, has superior, middle, and inferior constrictors. |
pharynx |
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Nerve signals in the long reflexes of the digestive tract travel from the __ nerve. |
vagus |
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The disaccharide __ is produced by starch digestion. |
maltrose |
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Emulsified lipid droplets in the small intestine are scientifically termed ___. |
micelles |
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A deficiency of blood glucose is called __. |
hypoglycemia |
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There are ten amino acids that the body cannot synthesize and therefore must acquire from the diet. They are called the ___ amino acids. |
essential |
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Lipoproteins that transport newly absorbed dietary fats in the lymph and blood are called ___. |
chylomicron |
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If a dietary protein has all the essential amino acids in the proportions needed for human metabolism, it is called a/an __ protein. |
complete |
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The metabolic reaction chain that splits glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid is called __. |
glycolysis |
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The iron-containing enzymes of the mitochondrial cristae that participate in the electron transport system are called __. |
cytochromes |
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When stored glycogen is needed for energy, it is hydrolyzed to glucose through a process called __. |
glycogenolysis |
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When the stomach and small intestine are empty and the body is drawing on its stored energy reserves, it is in the __ state. |
postabsorptive |
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A deficiency of blood glucose is termed __. |
hypoglycemia |
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The dietary provitamin __ is converted to vitamin A |
carotene |
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The major end product of glycolysis is __ __. |
pyruvic acid |
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__ is transported to the liver in HDLs to be disposed of in the bile. |
cholesterol |
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A lesion in the hunger center of the hypothalamus can cause the condition known as __. |
anorexia |
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ATP synthase is located in the __ __. |
mitochondrial cristae |
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__ is an appetite-suppressing hormone. |
cholecystokinin |
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The major component of LDLs is __. |
cholesterol |
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Sterility may result from uncorrected __, or undescended testes. |
cryptochidism |
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Spermatozoa are produced in minute ducts called __ __. |
seminiferous tubules |
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testosterone is secreted by __ cells of the testes. |
interstitial (Leydig) |
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Until ejaculation, most sperm are stored in the __. |
epididymis |
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About 30% of the semen is produced by the __, a medial gland that encloses part of the urethra |
prostate |
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The blood-testis barrier is formed by tight junctions between the __ cells of the testis. |
sustentacular (Sertoli) |
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Erection results largely from vasocongestion of the two __ __ on the dorsal side of the penis. |
corpora cavernosa |
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A sperm penetrates an egg by means of enzymes from its ___. |
acrosome |
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The first haploid cell produced in spermatogenesis is the __ __. |
secondary |
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A fertilized egg is called ___. |
zygote |
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The ___ muscle elevates or lowers the scrotum. |
cremaster |
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Inhibin selectively suppresses the secretion of ___. |
FSH |
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The embryonic structure called the __ __ is the precursor of the male reproductive tract. |
mesoephric duct |
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The release of an egg from the ovary is called __. |
ovulation |
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the constricted part of the uterus that protrudes into the vagina is called the ___ |
cervix |
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Attachment of the conceptus to the uterine wall is called___ |
implantation |
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__ is a hormone secreted by the ovary that selectively suppresses FSH secretion. |
inhibin |
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A developing egg is ovulated, and may be fertilized, at the __ __ stage of oogenesis |
secondary oocyte |
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Follicles and oocytes develop during a portion of the ovarian cycle called the __ phase. |
follicular |
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An ovarian follicle is considered a secondary follicle when it develops a cavity called the ___ |
antrum |
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In the luteal phase, the ovaries secrete mainly __, which stimulates glycogen synthesis and mucus secretion in the uterus |
progesterone |
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Hyperemesis gravidarum is a state of severe __ early in pregnancy |
vomiting |
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Parturition is the process of __ __. |
giving birth |
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Degeneration of ovarian follicles that never ovulate is termed __. |
atresia |
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The __, a layer of the uterus, partially composes the mestrual fluid |
endometrium |
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Vaginal spaces that surround the cervix are called ____. |
fornices |
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the ususal site of fertilization is in the __ ___. |
uterine tube |
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The __ __ is the source of prolactin and luteinizing hormones. |
anterior pituitary |
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scientific term for childbirth is ____. |
parturition |
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The first mammary secretion following childbirth that precedes milk is ___. |
colostrum |
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The target cells for oxytocin are the __ __. |
myoepithelial cells |
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A fertilized egg is called __ when the chromosomes of both parents have mingled to form a diploid set. |
zygote |
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When the three primary germ layers have formed, an individual is at a stage of development called the ___. |
embryo |
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For the first 8 weeks after ovulation, a conceptus depends primarily on ___ nutrition. |
trophoblastic |
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A conceptus is anchored to the endometrium by rootlike outgrowths of the syncytiotrophoblast called ___ ___. |
chorionic villi |
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Most fetal blood in the pulmonary trunk follows a shunt to the aorta called the __ __ instead of circulating through the lungs |
ductus arteriosus |
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The normal head-down position of a full-term fetus is called the ___ position. |
vertex |
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respiratory distress syndrome results from a deficiency of pulmonary __ in lungs of a premature infant. |
surfactant |
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The normal head-down position of a full-term fetus is called the ___ position. |
congenital anomaly |
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Degenerative change in an organ resulting from aging is called ___. |
senescence |
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The enzyme ___ facilitates fertilization |
acrosin |
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__ __ are the processes that prevent too many sperm from fertilizing one egg. |
fast and slow block |
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The term __ describes the cells produced by cleavage of the zygote |
blastomere |
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Any agent that causes anatomical birth defects is called __ |
teratogen |
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Failure of two homologous chromosomes to separate in meiosis is called ___. |
nondisjunction |
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The __ __ is the only organ system directly affected by photoaging |
integumentary system |
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__ __ is characterized by visible networks of dilated blood capillaries, especially common on the face. |
rosacea |
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"Caps" that stabilize the ends of each chromosome are known as ___. |
telomeres |
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__ __ results from an XO condition in the zygote |
Turner syndrome |
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Occurring in the female reproductive tract ___ is the process by which spermatozoa become capable of fertilizing an egg. |
capacitation |