Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What structures do all prokaryotic cells possess?
|
semirigid, permeable cell wall surrounds the plasma membrane
|
|
. What shapes do prokaryotic cells have?
|
a capsule or slimy layer of polysaccharides, polypeptides, or both often encloses the wall
|
|
What structures are external to some prokaryotic cells?
|
. one or more bacterial flagella
|
|
How do bacteria reproduce?
|
a bacteria has nearly doubled in size, it divides in two.
|
|
. What are photoautotrophs?
|
build organic compounds by photosynthesis; they are “self-feeders”; tap sunlight for energy and use carbon dioxide as their carbon
|
|
What are chemoheterotrophs?
|
are parasites or saprobes,
|
|
What are some pathogenic bacteria?
|
Neisseria gonorrhoea, Vibrio cholerae
|
|
What are some defining features of E. coli?
|
lives in mammalian gut – makes vitamin K, helps digest fat, and normally keeps foodborne pathogens in check by outcompeting them for nutrients
|
|
How do some bacteria survive hostile environments?
|
endospore encloses
|
|
Where have methanogens been found
|
salt lovers, heat lovers (marsh mud, Antarctic lakes, hydrothermalvents, and rocks deep below the Earth’s surface
|
|
Rhizobium performs what function in root nodules?
|
causes nitrogen-fixing (peas )
|
|
What does a virus consist of?
|
protein coat surrounding a nucleic acid core
|
|
What does a virus force the host cell to do?
|
insert its genetic material and some enzymes
|
|
What characterizes the lysogenic pathway of viruses?
|
viral DNA becomes integrated into host’s chromosomes, to become activated later.
|
|
What are the three types of Archaebacteria?
|
methanogens ( methane makers ) extreme halophiles ( salt lovers ) extreme thermophiles ( heat lovers
|
|
What is an endemic disease?
|
tuberculosis, are more or less always present in a population but are confined to a small part of it
|
|
. What are some present-day pandemic diseases?
|
Aids and Sars
|
|
What are antibiotics?
|
are compounds synthesized by one organism that can kill another – we use them as weapons against bacterial pathogens.
|
|
What lifestyles might protists exhibit?
|
Simple, reproduction (haploid & diploid)
|
|
What organelle do all protists possess?
|
a nucleus, large ribosomes, mitochondria, ER, Golgi bodies
|
|
How are trypanosomes transmitted to humans?
|
African sleeping sickness – spread by Tsetse flies
|
|
What structure do aquatic protists use to control water?
|
contractile vacuole
|
|
Which protists have a hardened shell?
|
Foraminifera’s
|
|
Most key producers in aquatic habitats are:
|
ciliates, apicomplexans, and dinoflagellates
|
|
What organisms have bioluminescent qualities?
|
. Dinoflagellates
|
|
How do ciliates reproduce asexually?
|
binary fission, an asexual reproduction mode that divides the cell body into two parts
|
|
. What cells does the parasite Plasmodium infect?
|
liver cells
|
|
From which algae is agar extracted?
|
Sargassum, Macrocystis
|
|
How is food digested in the fungi?
|
then individual cells absorb digested bits
|
|
What are saprobes?
|
absorb nutrients from nonliving organic matter and cause its decay.
|
|
What type of life-styles are found in fungi?
|
Life cycles are diverse
|
|
. What are the reproductive cells of fungi called
|
spores
|
|
. What are most food-spoiling molds?
|
. multicelled sac fungi
|
|
What type of fungi help flavor cheeses?
|
Penicillium
|
|
What group do most edible fungi belong
|
BASIDIOMYCETES
|
|
What group do mushrooms belong?
|
Agaricus bisporus
|
|
What fungi are needed by bread makers?
|
. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
|
|
What is a lichen?
|
fungal species ( sac fungi ) intertwined with one or more photoautotrophs, most often green algae or cyanobacteria
|
|
46. What type of relationship is shown by plants and mycorrhizae?
|
Its called mycorrhiza???????
|
|
How would you describe animals?
|
Are multicelled, and in most cases their body cells form tissues that become arranged as organs and organ systems
|
|
What type of symmetry is exhibited by a starfish?
|
radial symmetry
|
|
What is a complete digestive tract?
|
a blastopore that develops on the embryo’s surface
|
|
What is a coelom?
|
. a type of cavity that has a unique tissue lining called a peritoneum, which encloses organs and holds them in place in the cavity
|
|
What animals have no symmetry, organs, or tissues?
|
sponges
|
|
. What animals possess spicules?
|
sponges
|
|
What animals possess nematocysts?
|
cnidarians
|
|
. How do sponges feed?
|
Water flows into the body through many pores in the body wall and flows out a large opening at the anterior end.
|
|
How do sponges reproduce?
|
is a hermaphrodite; it produces eggs and sperm.
|
|
What material gives jellyfish buoyancy?
|
. mesoglea lies between the epidermis and gastrodermis;
|
|
What are the stages in the life cycle of Obelia?
|
has a medusa as its sexual stage. Gonads are embedded in its epithelium. The gonads release gametes and the zygotes form into planulas, swimming larvae usually lined with ciliated cells. It becomes a polyp or medusa, and the cycle begins again
|
|
What type of skeleton does a jellyfish possess?
|
Secretions from polyps in a colony form external skeletons that interconnect with one another
|
|
What group of organisms lack a digestive system and absorb digested material from its host?
|
tapeworms
|
|
What organisms are the simplest bilateral, cephalized animals?
|
mollusks
|
|
. Which two groups of flatworms are notorious parasites?
|
flukes tapeworms
|
|
What are setae used for? (earthworm)
|
They provide traction for moving through the earth.
|
|
What is a nephridium used for?
|
regulate the volume and composition of body fluids
|
|
Which mollusks have the capacity to learn?
|
Cephalopods
|
|
. What is the largest group of mollusks?
|
Gastropods
|
|
. How do bivalves feed?
|
graze on cnidarians, then incorporate ingested nematocysts in their own tissues
|
|
. ______ are bilateral worms with a cuticle with organ systems filling up their false coelom.
|
roundworms
|
|
What are some notorious roundworms?
|
What are some notorious roundworms?
|
|
What are the six key arthropod adaptations
|
Hardened exoskeletons, Jointed appendages, Specialized segments and fused-together segments, Respiratory structures, Specialized sensory structures, Specialized developmental stages
|
|
What organisms use book lungs for respiration?
|
Spiders
|
|
What organisms are chelicerates?
|
Spiders, Ticks, Mites
|
|
What arthropods have two pair of antennae
|
Cursteceans
|
|
Who are known as “the insects of the seas”?
|
crusteaca
|
|
What are malpighian tubules used for?
|
get rid of waste material
|
|
. What characteristics make insects the most successful animals
|
. Small, reproduction, food
|
|
Which animals possess a water vascular system?
|
78. echinoderms
|
|
What are the four features found in all chordates?
|
Notochord, nervous system, slits, tail
|
|
. What type of feeders are lancelets?
|
80. Cephalochordata
|
|
In what animals did the jaw first appear?
|
83. Placodermi
|
|
. From what structures did lungs evolve?
|
84. Outpouchings
|
|
What is the key difference between sharks and other fishes
|
cartlidge skeletons
|
|
. In what group of animals did lungs first appear?
|
first vertebrates
|
|
. What are the coelacanths?
|
lobe-finned fishes
|
|
What function do gills serve?
|
gills pull oxygen out of the water
|
|
. For what process do amphibians return to water?
|
to lay eggs
|
|
Where do most frogs and toads live in the world?
|
in or around our water
|
|
What are some chracteristics of reptiles that make the differen than amphibians
|
They hold water well
|
|
Which reptiles have a four chambered heart?
|
Alligators, Crocs
|
|
What feature is only present in mammals?
|
Only vertebre with mamary glands and hair
|
|
What brain region became enlarged in upright walking organisims?
|
bipedalism
|
|
What are some key features of birds, making them successful at flight?
|
hollow bones
|
|
Where do most marsupials live?
|
Austraillia
|
|
What organasims display bipedalisim?
|
humanoids
|
|
who are the anthropoids?
|
monkeys, apes, humans
|
|
Which human first used the tool?
|
Homo habilis
|
|
Which human walked out of Africa?
|
Homoerectus
|
|
Who are the egg laying mammals?
|
duck-billed platypus and two speciesof spiny anteaters ( in Australia and in New Guinea
|