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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A subculture that deliberately opposes aspects of the larger culture
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Counterculture
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Specialized language used by members of a group or subculture
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Argot
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The viewing of people's behavior from the perspective of their own culture
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Cultural relativism
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A common practice or belief shared by all societies
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Cultural universal
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The totality of our shared language, knowledge, material objects, and behavior
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Culture
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A period of adjustment when the nonmaterial culture is still struggling to adapt to new material conditions
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Culture lag
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The feelings of disorientation, uncertainty, and even fear that people experience when they encounter unfamiliar cultural practices
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Culture shock
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The process by which a cultural item spreads from group to group or society to society
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Diffusion
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The process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality
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Discovery
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A set of cultural beliefs and practices that legitimates existing powerful social, economic, and political interests
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Dominant ideology
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The tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent what is normal or are superior to all others
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Ethnocentrism
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Norms governing everyday social behavior, whose violation raises comparatively little concern
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Folkways
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A norm that generally has been written down and that specifies strict punishments for violators
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Formal norm
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A norm that is generally understood but not precisely recorded
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Informal norm
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The process of introducing a new idea or object to a culture through discovery or invention
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Innovation
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The combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not exist before
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Invention
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A system of shared symbols; it includes speech, written characters, numerals, symbols, and nonverbal gestures and expressions
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Language
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Formal norms enforced by the state
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Laws
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The physical or technological aspects of our daily lives
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Material culture
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Norms deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society
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Mores
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Ways of using material objects, as well as customs, ideas, expressions, beliefs, knowledge, philosophies, governments, and patterns of communication
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Nonmaterial culture
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The use of gestures, facial expressions, and other visual images to communicate
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Nonverbal communication
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An established standard of behavior maintained by a society
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Norm
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A penalty or reward for conduct concerning a social norm
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Sanction
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The idea that the language a person uses shapes his or her perception of reality and therefore his or her thoughts and actions
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Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
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The structure of relationships within which culture is created and shared through regularized patterns of social interaction
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Society
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The systematic study of how biology affects human social behavior
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Sociobiology
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A segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern or mores, folkways, and values that differs from the pattern of the larger society
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Subculture
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"Cultural information about how to use the material resources of the environment to satisfy human needs and desires"
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Technology
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A collective conception of what is considered good, desirable, and proper - or bad, undesirable, and improper - in a culture
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Value
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