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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Feminist perspectives share some themes with Marxist criminology, which ones?
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1) Power
2) Distribution of economic and social resources 3) Different social groups which has consequences for being labelled as victim or perpetrator |
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Feminist's main perspective is?
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Patriarchy
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What are some of the other things feminists focus on
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1) Equal pay
2) Equal education and job opportunities 3) Contraception and abortion 4) National day care 5) End to discrimination against lesbians 6) End to patriarchy 7) Freedom from intimidation of violence |
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Daly and Chesney-Lind's 5 key elements of femininism
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1) Gender is not a natural fact, it's a social, historial and cultural product
2) Gender orders much of social life 3) Gender constructs are not symmetrical 4) Systems of knowledge reflect men's views of the world 5) Feminism should place women at the centre of intellectual inquiry |
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Liberal feminists focus on?
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Individualistism, concern for equal rights
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Marxist feminists focus on?
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The structural position of women and women's domestic labour
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Radical feminists focus on?
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Essentialism; suggest that all women are oppressed.
"the personal is political" |
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Social feminists focus on?
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The exploitation and oppression of women within the framework of capitalism
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Cultural feminists focus on?
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Essentialism; women have generated a unique culture
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Standpoint feminists focus on?
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Anti-racism; acknowledging the diversity of women
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In terms of reactions to female perpetrators, what 3 things have feminists noted in criminal behavior?
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1) sexual morality
2) double-standards 3) power |
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What type of positivism do most feminists reject?
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Biological/psychological positivsm
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What did Lombroso discover after examining the skulls of females?
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That there were few criminal females
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Many feminist theorists reject ________/_________ positivism, they also _______ theories of socialization
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Reject biological/psychological positivsm
Criticize theories of substitution |
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Who wrote "Criminal woman, the prostitute, and the normal woman"?
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Lombroso
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In terms of evolution, intelligence and initiative to commit crime , what did Lombroso note about females compared to men?
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That females were less evolved, and lacked the initiative and intelligence to commit crime
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According to Lombroso, women were considered to be naturally _______
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Naturally passive
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What did Thomas find in terms of the charges women tended to be charged for?
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Prostitution or related charges
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What did Thomas use to explain the criminal behavior of women?
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Social disorganization - that women's criminal behavior was due to them being from the transition zone - with a lack of community controls
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Who coined the term "the new female criminal"?
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Adler and Simon
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Whose research was criticized on the basis that women were largely involved in common property offences - consistent with economic marginalization?
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Adler and Simon
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According to Adler and Simon, increases in female crime coincided with what?
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Educational advances and involvement in tradationally male-dominated occupations
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Who put forth power-control theory? What did they find?
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Hagan, Gillis and Simpson - studied power in the household - found it is derived from power enjoyed in the workplace
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In the power-control theory, what increases the likelihood of males engaging in crime?
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The gendered power differentials that are foisted upon children
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In the power-control theory, what order ends in "delinquent designations" (there are two)
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1. Gender ---> Delinquent designations
2. Gender ---> parental controls ---> risk preferences ---> delinquent behavior ---> delinquent designations |
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Why is the focus of women's involvement in crime presented from a victimization perspective?
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Because women commit fewer crimes than men (ie sexual assault, domestic violence)
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Who examined intimate violence in Canada? What type of questions would he ask?
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Mann, would question whether intimate violence should be characterized as patriarchal terrorism or as a degendered phenomenon
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What did Strauss and Conflict Tactics scales NOT acknowledge in their violence between males and females surveys?
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Qualitative differences - as in punching your wife in the face was equivalent to pushing her down the stairs
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What are the main differences in motivation for engaging in interpersonal violence?
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1) males generally attempt to assert control
2) females usually try to control themselves |
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Who argues that we should resist effort to "degender" violence but pay special attention to the motives of the behavior?
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Mann
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In conclusion, how do we examine crime with women in terms of reasons for committing and where they're victims?
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They commit crime (are perpetrators) of property crime due to economic marginalization, and are victims of crime particularly in the house
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Egalitarian families
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Higher female delinquency rates
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Patriarchal families
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Lower females delinquency rates
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