Social Psych Final

The intention to cause physical or psychological harm

Phenomenon where thinking or a behaviour causes us to be more likely to perform an action automatic

The tendency to implicitly imitate others

Driven by an emotional state, end goal to cause pain

Not triggered by strong emotions, the end goal is not aggressive

Brain regions, genetics and hormones

IV: Ostracism/Inclusion

Control/No control

DV: Aggression, hot sauce measure

Results: Ostra/No control were most aggressive

Helping, giving, sharing, cooperating

The desire to help another, to improve their welfare without regard for one’s self-interest

The help of passing in our genes

Kin Selection - Protecting our genes

Reciprocity - Hopes to pass genes on

Calculating the cost of help and the rewards, an unconscious process

Physical Danger

Cost

Time

Money

Feel good about ourselves

Social approval

Reciprocity

IV: High/Low Empathy

Feedback/No Feedback

DV: percent of volunteers

Results: pure Altruism in those with High Empathy and No Feedback

As bystander size increases, the less likely anyone will help

The judgement of what is correct/wrong based on the influence of others

The avoidance of shunning, disapproval or criticism

Group Characteristics, Surrounding Context

A group larger than 2 but less than 5 is the optimal number for a person to conform

When only one person is breaking from the conforms of the group it is difficult, with another person the likelihood to break conformity is higher

Not being known to the ground makes it easier to break conformity

Keeping ideals private and not sharing amongst a group

Use the thought process of pros and cons to decide if something is right to do

Judgements to comply based of positive or negative moods

The influence of conformity due to societal/group norms

Explicit Behaviour

Suggested actions in a given situation

Being influenced by situational factors

Knowledge of an event to help in understanding situations

Family

Social Differentiation

Social Customs

Emotion

Cognition

Merely watching a social structure and deriving information from that

Looking through public domains/records for means of psychological data

The influence of others on our behaviours

Presence creates arousal and arousal either impairs or enhances our performance

A central and peripheral route that intersects with motivation and ability

Attractiveness, credibility, certainty

Message Quality, Vividness, Fear, Culture

Need for Cognition, Mood, Age

The result of social pressures to act or behave in a certain way

Comes from successful conformity in which another person can tell another to behave in a certain way

When you behave in a certain way towards a person with greater power than yourself

Thinking as a collective to reach consensus rather than focusing on the actual problems at hand

Extreme measures made in groups that would not be done in individual decisions

Looking at ourselves positively

Behaviour driven by situation

Behaviour driven by disposition

Underestimation of external factors and overestimation of internal factors

IV: Vacation/Sex life

Cognitively Busy/Not

DV: Judgements

Results: CogBusy - couldn’t relate to the situations factors

Not Busy - recognize the situational factors

Actors attribute their behaviour to situational factors whereas Observers attribute their behaviours to internal factors

Proximity

Similarity

Physiological Arousal

Physical Attractiveness

Being more likely to eat will increase the likelihood of becoming friends

The more exposure to something, the more you tend to like it

Distance influences whether you and somebody becomes friends or lovers

Distance influences whether you and somebody becomes friends or lovers

Tend to like others whether they have similarities with us

The beauty of another person

Lighter sentences and more job prospects

The effect of thinking since someone is good/beautiful, they are good at other things

Women show importance about beauty

Compassionate, Romantic, Companionate

Communal relationship, the wellbeing of others

Intense emotions and sexual desire

Friends and family, sharing activities

Higher satisfaction results from poor quality of alternatives

Higher levels of neuroticism

Lower levels of SES

Criticism

Defensiveness

Stonewalling

Contempt

Finding the faults in one another

Ignorance against your own wrongdoing

Avoidance of arguments or issues

The act of looking down upon someone

The beliefs that certain attributes are characteristic of members of a particular group

The judgement of a group and its members

Behaviour directed towards a member of a group that is typically unfair solely on their membership to a certain group

The act of rejecting explicit beliefs while still succumbing to their internal beliefs

Early attachment with parents and caregivers can shape relationships for a person's entire life

Secure, Avoidant, Anxious

Easy to get close to others and does not worry about abandonment or getting to close

Uncomfortable getting close with others, nervous about intimacy and getting closer to people

I want to be close, but sometimes they leave, I want to get close but it scares some people away

Avoidant Dimension and Anxious Dimension

Comfortability level with intimacy

Fear levels of rejection and abandonment

Intense longing with physiological arousal

Feelings of intimacy and affection whom we care about deeply

Three Components: Passion, Intimacy, Commitment

Satisfaction, Investments & perceived alternatives are crucial in determining commitment of a relationship

How fulfilling is the relationship

Other available options

Resources implemented in a relationship

A study where people are put into groups based on minimal attributes focuses on the "us versus them" mentality

The concept that ideas of self-esteem come from status and belonging to a group

Caring about the ingroup emphasizes self-esteem, putting down the outgroup emphasizes self-esteem

Creating a subgroup that contradicts that group

Categorizing the outgroup as all the same

Believing that each person in the in-group is unique

Chances of confirming the stereotype by acting a certain way

Temperature, Media Violence, Social Rejection

Dehumanization, anger, anger-frustration cycle

Where honour and reputations are sensitive, anger and aggression is more likely to take place

Passive aggression where they won't be physically violent but will gossip and talk behind each other back

Increased altruism in rural areas, and in the lower social classes

A negative stereotype (thought) becomes a negative prejudice (cognition), in turn, becomes negative discrimination (behaviour)

How the group influences an individual and how an individual influence the group

The strengthening of the groups average tendency

Persuasive Arguments

Social Comparisons

The group persuading itself into their own opinion

Unconscious evaluation of the self in comparison to others in the group

The uneasiness of being aware of the inconsistencies of the self

When attitudes are not understood, we infer on our observed behaviour gives hint to our attitudes

The act of drawing positive events/things towards ourselves and distancing ourselves from negative events/things

An attempt to understand why people act in certain ways, typically an inference

Behaviour is driven by the situation

Behaviour is driven by personal dispositions

The need to be in control

Misunderstanding of societal norms

Behaviour is difficult to pick up on

Failure of using information

Personal relevance

Call to action

Congruent Information to Speaker

Message clarity

Distractions

Reiteration