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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
reveals the power of the society to shape individuals lives;can be encouraged by being an outsider or experiencing social crisis
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sociological perspective
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study of social behavior and human groups
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sociology
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who introduced concept of Sociological Imagination
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C. Wright Mills
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research on suicide suggest a higher rate in times of peace than in times of war
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Emile Durkheim
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taught students how to employ "verstehen" in their work(understanding and insight)
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Max Weber
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the study of the larger world and our society's place in it
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Global Perspective
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In what ways does sociological pespective pay off?
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Helps us to access "common sense",see the oppurtunities and constraints in our lives, empowers us to be active participants in our society and helps us live in a divers world.
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what changes were especially important in the sociological development?
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rise of factory based or industrial economy, the growth of cities and new ideas about democracy and political rights
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who coined the term "sociology" in 1938
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August Comte
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Comte's approach is called _______ , a scientific approach to to knowlwdge based on facts as opposed to mere speculation
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positivism
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A statement of how and why specific facts are related
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theory
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what is a basic image of society that guides thinking and research ?
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Theoretical Approach
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any relatively stable pattern of social behavior
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social structure
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What is the consequences of a social pattern for the operation of society as a whole?
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social function
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Herbert Spenser(1820-1903) compared society to what?
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the human body
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Robert Merton (1910-2003)expanded our understanding social functions by distinguishing between what terms? What are there meanings?
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manifest functions-the recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern;latent functions-the unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern.
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any social pattern that may disrupt the operation of society
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social dysfunction
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a framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change
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social-conflict approach
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Regarded as the first woman sociologist
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Harriet Martineau(1802-1876)
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Sociological pioneer who in 1899 helped found Hull House, a settlement house for immigrant workers.
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Jane Addams
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Racial inequality sociological pioneers
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Ida Wells Barnett and William Edward Burghardt Du Bois
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A framework for building the theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability.
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Structural-functional approach
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A broad focus on structures that shape society as a whole
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Macro-level orientation
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A close-up focus on social interaction in specific situations.
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Micro-level orientation
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Is a framework for building thoery that sees society as a product of everyday interactions of individuals.
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Symbolic-interaction approach
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The symbolic-interaction approach has roots in thinking from what German sociologist ?
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Max Weber
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the study of society based on scientific observation and social behavior
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positivist sociology
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information we can verify with our senses
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empirical evidence
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a logical system that develops knowledge from direct, systemic observation
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science
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Helped develop the social conflict approach
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Karl Marx
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Helped to develop the symbolic -interaction approach
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Max Weber and Herbert Mead
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What benefits does applying the sociological perspective yeild?
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helping us understand the barriers and oppurtunities in our lives, giving us advatage in our careers and guiding public policy
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a mental construct that represents some aspect of the world in simplified form
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concept
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The study of society that focuses on discovering the meanings people attach to their social world.
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Interpretive sociology
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The study of society that focuses on the need for social change
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critical society
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Which is the correct definition of culture?
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It is a way of life that is shared by memebers of a society and shapes how we act, think and feel.
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which statement about culture is true?
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It is a human trait on which we rely for survival.
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Culture is a product of ________.
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evolution
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In what way can culture shock be created?
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when we act in ways that others do not understand.
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Cultural statistics.
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200 different cultures exist in the US and 7000 in the world
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what is something that carries a particular meaning and is recognized by people who share a culture.
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symbol
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what does the sociological perspective show use about whom any indiviual chooses to marry
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The operation of society guides many of our persobal chioces.
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The personal value of studying sociology includes
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seeing the oppurtunities and constraints in our lives,it is good preparation for a number of careers and becoming more active participants of society
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The discipline of sociology first developed in
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countries experiencing rapid social change
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Sociology's social-conflict approach draws attention to
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patterns of social inequality
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Empirical evidence refers to
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information we can verify with our senses
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when trying to measure people's "social class" you would have to keep in mind that
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there are several ways to operationalize this variable
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Interpretive sociology is a research orientation that
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focuses on the meaning people attach to behavior
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In participant observation, the problem of "breaking in" to a setting is often solved with the help of a
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key informant
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The critical sociology research orientation is linked most closely to which theoretical approach?
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social-conflict approach
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the process by which one generation passes culture on to the next is
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cultural transmission
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abstract standards of what ought to be
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values
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specific statements or ideas that people who share a culture hold to be true
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beliefs
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guide human behavior
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norms
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two types of norms
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mores and folkways
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norms that are widely spread and have great moral significance
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mores
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norms for routine or casual interaction
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folkways
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the idea that people see and understand the world through the cultural lens of language
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Sapir-Whorf Thesis
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compare ideal and real culture
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one is how we should behave and the other is what actually occurs in everyday life
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Culture is shaped by technology. true or false.
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true
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describe the stages of sociocultural evolution:
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hunting and gathering, horticulture andnology and pastoralism, agriculture, industry and postindustrial information technology
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Knowledge that people use to make a way of life in their surroundings
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Technology
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the use of hand tools to raise crop
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horticulture
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the domestication of animals
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pastoralism
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large scale cultivation using plows harnessed to animals or more powerful energy sources
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agriculture
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the production of goods using advanced sources of energy to drive large machinery
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industry
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the production of information using computer technology
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postindustrialism
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allows researchers to measure cause and effect between two or more variables
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Experiment
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a simplified description applied to ebery person in some catagory
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stereotype
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cultural pattern that distinguish a society's elite
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high culture
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cultural patterns that are widespread among a society's population
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popular culture
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cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a society's population
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subculture
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the spread of objects or ideas from one culture to the next
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diffusion
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the practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture
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ethnocentrism
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judging a culture by its own standards
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cultural relativism
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a theoretical approach that explores ways in which human biology affects how we create culture
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sociobiology
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Of the world's countries the United States is the most
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cultural
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Ideas created by members of a culture are part of
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nonmaterial culture
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Sociologists define a symbol as
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anything that has meaning to people who share a culture
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U.S. culeure holds a strong belief in
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individuality
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Cheating on a final exam is an example of violating campus
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mores
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Which of the following describes ethnocentrism?
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judging another culture by standards of your own culture
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subculture refers to
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cultural patterns which set apart a segment of a society's population
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in human history the "dawn of civilization" took place with the development of
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agriculture
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which theoretical approach focuses on the link between culture and social inequality?
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social-conflict approach
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this approach views culture as a system of behavior by which members of societies cooperate to meet their needs
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structural-functional approach
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Globally, experts document almost ______ languages, suggesting the existance of many distinct cultures
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7000
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