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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
"Crime" differs from "deviance" in that crime |
c) refers to a violation of norms enacted into law |
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Every society tries to regulate the behavior of individuals; this general process is called |
c) social control |
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What concept refers to the formal system that responds to alleged violations of the law using police, courts, and prison officials? |
d) the criminal justice system |
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Read the four statements below. Which comes closest to the correct view of the role of biology in causing people to commit crimes? |
c) Biological factors may affect behavior, but research puts greater emphasis on social influences. |
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Which of the following are functions of deviance noted by Emile Durkheim? |
a) Deviance affirms cultural values and norms. b) Responding to deviance promotes social unity. c) Responding to deviance clarifies moral boundaries. d) All of these are correct. |
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Using the terms of Robert Merton's strain theory, which of the following terms would correctly describe a gangster like Al Capone who made a lot of money breaking the law? |
a) innovator |
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Using the terms of Robert Merton's strain theory, which of the following concepts correctly describes the behavior of a school "dropout" who rejects both cultural goals and the conventional means to reach them?
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c) retreatist |
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Using the terms in Robert Merton's strain theory, which of the following concepts correctly describes the behavior of a radical activist who rejects just about everything in the existing society in favor of some alternative system? |
d) rebel |
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Using Robert Merton's strain theory, how would you classify a low-paid, yet compulsively conforming bank teller who never seems to want to get ahead but never seems to do anything wrong? |
b) ritualist |
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The basic idea behind labeling theory is that |
b) deviance arise not so much from what people do as how others respond to what they do |
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Which of the following statements illustrates the "medicalization of deviance?" |
a) Theft being redefined as "compulsive stealing."
b) Drinking too much being redefined as "alcoholism." c) promiscuity being redefined as "sexual addiction." d) All of these are correct |
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Travis Hirschi's control theory suggests which of the following categories of people would be MOST likely to engage in deviance?
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c) youngsters who "hang out" waiting for something to happen |
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Using a Marxist approach, Steven Spitzer claims that prime targets for deviant labeling include |
a) people who try to take the property of others b) people who do not want to work for a living c) radicals who call for basic change in society itself |
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Which of the following concepts refers to crime committed by persons of high social position during the course of their occupations?
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b) white-collar crime |
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Organized crime refers to |
d) any business that supplies illegal goods or services |
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A hate crime is defined as |
c) a criminal act motivated by race or other bias |
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Which of the following statements is correct? |
b) Women commit far fewer crimes than men. |
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Research suggests that, with regard to social class, arrest for serious crime |
c) is higher for people of lower social position |
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If a parent threatens a child with punishment in order to discourage wrongdoing, the parent is using punishment to accomplish which of the following? |
a) deterrence |
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A judge sentences a young man who has committed several crimes to counseling and places him in a supportive foster home. Which of the following concepts describes these efforts to prevent further wrongdoing? |
d) rehabilitation |