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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the sick role
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perspective that all roads lead to medical care, with tends to create a doctor centered picture with illness being viewed from outside the individual
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medicalization
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is the process by which nonmedical problems usually in terms of illness or disorder
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criticism
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maintain that the U.S. health care system is one that pays off only when
the patient can pay |
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acute, curative, hospital based
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our approach to medicine is organized around the cure or control of serious diseases and repairing serious injuries rater than caring for the sick or preventing diseases
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workforce
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broad based triangle with a small number of highly paid physicians and administrators at the top. little movement from levels because little qualifications
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men and women death rates
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male death rates go beyond female death rates at all ages and for the leading causes of death such as heart disease, cancer, cerebrovasculer disease, accidents, and pneumonia
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women
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seem to suffer from illness and disability more than men, but their health problems are usually not as life threatening
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bodily discomforts
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women may not be sick often but they are more sensative to bodily discomfort and more willing to report them to a doctor
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Asian americans
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best health profile followed by whites
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african american and native american
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have the worst health profiles. on average the life expectancy for african american infants is about five years less than four white infants for both males and females
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poverty health
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contributes to desease and shortened life span both directly and indirectly diseases such as tuberculosis,influeza, whooping cough
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obesity
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is most prevalent among middle-aged adults, black and hispanic adults and among peoples with less education and lower income
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sex ratio
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because morality rates are higher for men there is a substantial sex ratio imbalance in over 75 group that becomes more apparent as one goes up the age scale
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future trends
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population aging will continue to affect health care, family composition and living arangments, housing and migration
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baby boom population
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will age. its large number will cause cycle of relative growth and decline each stage of life. the rising cost of elderly care will become a problem
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medicre
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pays for medical care for people older than 65
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medicade
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pays for care of those too pore to pay their own medical cost
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first U.S. CENCUS IN 1790
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about 50,000 americans were older than 65, representing 2% of the population of 2.5 million
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life expectancy for newborn white children in 1890
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was only 50 years. it was less for african americans
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medical technology
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has inproved the elderly population. it also created a dramatic increase in life expectancy
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composition
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more elderly are living longer and doing more things, the number of elderly is growing
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the next 20 years
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the growth in the elderly population is going to be influenced by the aging of the baby population
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age and wealth
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to get more accurate we should not focus on the financial conditions of older americans - that is net worth or the market value of all yhe assets minus all the debts
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aging marital status
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it is better to be married as you get older. 75% of women are widows
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global aging
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the numerical and proportional growth of older populations around the world is indicative or major achievments decreased fertility rates, reduction in infant and maternal morality
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medicine and health care issues
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intertwined with our social, emotional, and cultural life
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illness
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not only involves the body, but it also affects the individuals social relationship, self image, and behavior
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Tallcot Parsons
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has suggested that to prevent the potentially disruptive consequences of illness on a group or society, a sick role exist
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definition of sick role
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a shared set of cultural norms that legitimates deviant behavior caused by the illness and channels the individual into a health care system
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first component of the sick role
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the sick person is excused from normal social responcabilities except to the extent that he or she is supposed to do whatever necessary to get better
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second component of the sick role
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the sick person is not held responcable for his or her condition and is not expected to recover by any act of will
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third component of the sick role
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the sick person must recognize that being ill is undesirable and must want to recover
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fourth component of the sick role
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the sick person is obligated to seek medical care cooperate with the advice of the designated experts, notably the physicians
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examples of things that once were not considered a medical condition but now are
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alcoholism, drug abuse, battering, gender confusion, obesity, anorexia, and bulimia
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best health care resources in the world
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United States
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medicare workers
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majority of doctors are men a quarter are women. minority most come from lower middle class background. majority are white upper middle class
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life expectancy of women
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has countinuosly higher than men
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between 1940 and 2006
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life expectancy at birth has increased by 15 years for women and 14.3 years for men
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leadind cos of death for both men and women
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heart disease
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the infant morality rate for african americans
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more than twice that for a while infant
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low birth weight babies
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more than twice as common among african americans than among whites
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premature birth
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african american
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life espectancy between races
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african american have the lowist
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black cause of death
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homicide and HIV
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hispanics
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higher infant mortality rate, a shorter life exspecancy, and higher rates of death from influenza, pneumonia, diabetes, and accidents than Algo-Americans
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aids spreads mostly in
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california, florida, and new york
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in 2007 majority of aids deaths
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black and hispanic men
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third party payments
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those made through public or private insurance or charitable organizations
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public insurance programs
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include medicare and medicade which are fund with tax money collected by federal, state, and local government
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commercial insurance companies
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appeared after world war 2 and based their prices on experoance rating , which bases preniums on the statistical likliehood of individual nedding medical care. blue cross blue shieled
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women in the medical fieled
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are younger and less experianced than men
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doctors pay
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not payed hourly but by how many people they see
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female doctors
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spend more time with each patiant. they see fewer than men do
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how long till aids affects a person
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two years
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