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52 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Positivist Sociology

Sociology that believes the social world can be described and predicted by certain descriable relationships

Causality

Change in one factor results in a corresponding change in another

Versteben(German)

Understanding

Anomie

Sense of normelessness

Structure

a pre-existing set of social arrangements that individuals enter into birth and which endure (culture, organizations, etc.)

Agency

ways in which individuals create society and social life

Double Involvement of Individuals and Society

We create society but we are created by it

Macro phenomenon

institutions , organizations and culture

Micro Phenomenon

everydat activities , face-to-face interactions

Dualisms

2 aspect of social life that are irrelated

Social Institutions

A set of ideas about how specific important social needs are met

Sociology

the study of human society

Sociological imagination

the most basic, intimate aspects of an individuals seemingly impersonal and remote historical forces

Double consiousness

looking at yourself through someone else's eyes

Social positions

a set of stories we tell ourselves

Social relations

network ties

Social Role

a grand narrative that unifies

Historical Materialisms

what drives history

conflict theory

the idea that conflict between competing interest the basic , animating force of social change and social in general

Organicism

the idea that society is like a living organism

manifest functions

explicit

latent functions

hidden

functionalism

social institutions and processes in society exist to serve some important or necessary function to keep society running

operationalization

the process of assigning a precise method for measuring a term being examined for use in a particular study

validity

measures what you intended it to

reliability

how likely you are to obtain the same result using the same measure next time

generalizability

the extent to which we can claim that our findings inform us about a group larger than the one we studied

material culture

everything apart of physical environment

nonmaterial culture

values, beliefs , behaviors , and social norms

ideology

system of concepts , relationships , and understanding of cause and effect

ethnocentrism

sense of superiority in the context of cultural practices

Culture relativism

taking into account differences across cultures without passing judgement or passing values

Cultural Scripts

Modes of behavior and understandings that are not universal or natural

Subculture

the distinct cultural values and behavioral patterns of a particular group in society

Values

moral beliefs

Norms

how values tell us to behave

Socialization

learn how to be functioning member of society

total institutions

Institutions that control all the basics of day-to-day life

Resocializations

the process by which one's sense of social value belief and norms are reengineered

Master status

One status within a set that stands or overrides all others

achieved status

status into which one enters

ascribed status

status into which one is born

status set

all the statuses one holds simultaneously

roles

the duties and behaviors expected of someone who holds a particular status

role strain

incompatibility among roles corresponding to a single status

Dramaturgical theory

Viewing social life as a theatrical performance

ethnomethodology

the ways in which we make sense of our world, convey this understanding to others and produce shared social order

primary groups

limited in the number of members allowing face-to-face interaction

Secondary groups

groups marked by impersonal instrumental relationship

reference group

a group that helps us understand or make sense of our position in society relative to other groups

in groups

powerful group , most often the majority

out groups

less powerful usually the minority