Sociology Exam Review

A particular point of view

The scientific study of social structure ( patterned social behavior)

A view that looks at the behavior of groups, not individuals

The pattern interaction of people in social relationships

The ability to see the link between society and self

The belief that knowledge should be derived from scientific observation

Perspective in sociology according to which society consist of different but related parts, each of which serves a particular purpose

Approach that focuses on the interactions among people based on mutually understood symbols

Approach emphasizing the role of conflict, competition, and constrained within a society

Class owning the means for producing wealth

Person who owns or controls the means for producing wealth

Class that labors without owning the means of production, those who labor for the bourgeoisie

The ongoing struggle between the bourgeoisie(owners) and the proletariat(working) classes

Social dependency based on a widespread consensus of values and beliefs, enforced conformity, and dependent on tradition and family

Social interdependency based on a high degree of specialization and roles

The recognition and formulation of a problem, the collection of data through observation and experiment, and the formulation and testing of hypothesis

A specific territory inhabited by people who share a common culture

Knowledge, values, customs, and physical objects that are shared by members of a society

Norms that have moral dimensions and that should be followed by members of the society

A rule of behavior, the violation of which calls for strong punishment

Impulse to reduce discomfort

Norms that like moral significance

Rules defining appropriate and inappropriate behavior

A norm that is formally defined and enforced by officials

Automatic reaction to physical stimulus

Anything that stands for something else and has an agreed upon meaning attached to it

theory stating that our idea of reality depends largely upon language

Rewards and punishments used to encourage people to follow norms

Sanctions imposed by persons given special authority

Rewards and punishments that can be applied by most members of a group

Broad ideas about what is good or desirable shared by people in a society

The concrete, tangible objects of a culture

Ideas knowledge and beliefs that influence people's behavior

Actual behavior patterns of members

Cultural guidelines that group members claim to accept

A group that is part of the dominant culture but that differs from it in some important aspects

A subculture deliberately and consciously opposed to certain central beliefs or attitudes of the dominant culture

Judging others in terms of one's own cultural standards

General cultural traits that exist in all cultures

The ways in which a culture expresses Universal traits

The process of learning to participate in a group

Family in which at least one adult is a stepparent

Marriages in which both spouses work outside the home

Marriage like arrangement without the legal obligations and responsibilities

Adult children who return to the home of origin or who continue to live with their parents

The unified system of beliefs and practices concerned with sacred things

A set of values, norms, beliefs, and attitudes stressing hard work thrift, and self-discipline

A religious organization that arises out of a desire to reform an existing religious organization

A religious organization whose characteristics are not drawn from existing religious traditions within a society

Set of competitive activities in which winners and losers are determined by physical performance within a set of established rules

Assignment of players to less central positions on the basis of race or ethnicity

A widely circulated piece of information that is not verified as being true or false

A moralistic tale that the teller swears happened to someone he or she knows

An unusual behavior pattern that spreads rapidly and disappears quickly

A widely accepted behavior pattern pattern that changes periodically

A temporary collection of people who share an immediate common interest

Emotional crowd ready to use violence for a specific purpose

Episode of largely random destruction and violent carried out by crowd

Stating that members of the crowd stimulate each other to hire levels of emotion and irrational behavior

Stating that norms develop to guide crowd behavior

States that clouds are formed by people who deliberately congregate with like-minded others