Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Hydrostatic equilibrium is the equilibrium between
|
gravity and pressure.
|
|
The Sun obtains its energy from the conversion of
|
mass to energy
|
|
The temperature of the photosphere is roughly
|
5000k
|
|
Spicules are found leaving the photosphere and entering the
|
chromosphere
|
|
The limb of the Sun appears darker than the center of the solar disk because
|
when viewing the center we see deeper into the Sun
|
|
The average density of the Sun is near that of water
|
one gram over centimeters cubed.
|
|
Sunspots appear dark because
|
they are cooler than their surroundings
|
|
Energy produced in the center of the Sun will escape the Sun in
|
a hundred thousand years or more
|
|
Convection arises in the outer part of the solar interior because:
|
The temperatures are not hot enough to ionize the gas, which causes light from below to essentially become trapped by, or coupled to, the gas. Explanation to the answer: The temperatures in the core and radiative zone are high enough to ionize the gas. The temperatures in the convective zone are not high enough to ionize the gas. Consequently, the gas in the convective zone is atomic (the electrons are bound to the nuclei). Light passes more easily through ionized gas than it does through atomic gas, which constantly absorbs and reemits the light, significantly impeding its motion through the gas. Although it takes light approximately 200,000 years to pass through the ionized gas of the core and radiative zone, it would take essentially forever for it to pass through the atomic gas of the convective zone. Consequently, the constant flow of light from the radiative zone to the bottom of the convective zone would make the bottom of the convective zone unusually hot. Meanwhile, the lack of flow of light through the convective zone would make the top of the convective zone unusually cold. But hot gas rises and cold gas sinks. So the hot gas from the bottom of the convective zone rises, carrying the light that is essentially trapped within it, or coupled to it, to the photosphere where it is released into space. Once this light is released, this gas is colder and sinks back down to the bottom of the convective zone where it traps more light within it to be carried back to the photosphere. This is convection.
|
|
Place the following solar events in order of increasing explosive power and impact on the Earth
|
Solution is Prominences, Flares, Coronal, and Mass Ejections
|
|
The corona and chromosphere of the Sun are heated by
|
a mechanism that is not yet well understood.
|
|
The Sun releases 3.9x1026 Joules of energy per second. How much mass must be converted to energy each second
|
4.33e9 How much hydrogen must be converted to helium each second? 6.10e11
|
|
Which of the following best describes the currently accepted resolution of the solar neutrino problem
|
Our previous understanding of neutrinos was incomplete.
|
|
Which spacecraft first revealed greater detail on the Moon than can be observed from Earth
|
Ranger
|
|
Sinuous rilles on the Moon are
|
volcanic
|
|
If the Moon rises at 3:00 a.m., what phase is it
|
waning gibbous
|
|
In order for a solar eclipse to occur, the Moon must be
|
near new Moon
|
|
The currently accepted theory for the formation of the Moon is
|
not known at this time.
|
|
The length of Mercury's day was correctly determined by
|
Doppler radar in the 1960s
|
|
The mass of Mercury as revealed by Mariner 10 was
|
larger than previously thought
|
|
Mercury has no atmosphere, what little gas there is
|
probably is captured solar wind
|
|
When Mariner 10 discovered Mercury had a magnetic field, it was unexpected because
|
of Mercury's slow rotation and because of Mercury's core was thought to be solid
|
|
Venus is brightest at
|
sunrise or sunset
|
|
The current model of the interior of Venus is based primarily on
|
the similarity between Earth and Venus
|
|
Why is there so little water on Venus
|
Because the hydrogen escaped
|
|
Volcanism on Venus continues
|
today
|
|
The center of the Earth's core is solid because
|
the pressure at the center raises the melting point
|
|
The youngest parts of the Earth's crust are
|
the mid-ocean rifts
|
|
The oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere was added to the atmosphere by
|
life
|
|
The earth's magnetic field is generated in the
|
liquid iron core
|
|
On Earth, about how much increase of temperature is due the greenhouse effect
|
30k
|
|
On Venus, how much increase of temperature is due the greenhouse effect
|
more than 500K
|
|
What did the canals of Percival Lowell turn out to be
|
optical illusions
|
|
The primary difference between lunar and Martian craters is caused by the presence of
|
water
|
|
The reason that the old, densely cratered terrain is concentrated in the southern hemisphere of Mars is
|
unknown
|
|
The part of the the southern polar cap which does not disappear in the Martian summer is thought to be
|
outgassing
|
|
The moons of Mars are thought to be
|
captured asteroids
|
|
Valles Marineris is a very long and deep canyon on
|
Mars
|
|
Volcanoes are larger on Mars than on Earth primarily because
|
Mars has a smaller surface gravity
|
|
Mercury's, Venus's, and Mars's magnetic fields are significantly weaker than Earth's magnetic field. Which of these planets cannot have a liquid metal core
|
Mars
|
|
On which of the following planets does the crust move across the mantle
|
Venus and Earth
|
|
Which of the following worlds likely has the least water
|
Venus
|
|
All these statements are true:
|
A. Since Venus is closer to the sun than Earth, its surface was hotter and consequently its water vapor could not condense into oceans, but instead remained atmospheric. Since water vapor is a greenhouse gas, this increased Venus's surface temperature. B. Since Venus did not have standing water to help incorporate its atmospheric carbon dioxide into rocks, it remained atmospheric. Since carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, this increased Venus's surface temperature. C. Earth's oceans help to incorporate Earth's atmospheric carbon dioxide into rocks. This is balanced by plate tectonics and volcanic activity, which returns carbon dioxide to Earth's atmosphere. D. Since Mars is farther from the sun and smaller than Earth, its interior cooled more quickly, resulting in no plate tectonics and reduced volcanism. E. Carbon dioxide in Mars's early atmosphere was absorbed by standing water and incorporated into rocks, but was not fully replenished by Mars's less active volcanoes. Since carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, this decreased Mars' surface temperature. F. As Mars's surface temperature dropped, water vapor froze out of Mars's atmosphere. Since water vapor is a greenhouse gas, this further decreased Mars's surface temperature.
|
|
Which solar feature is most closely associated with convection
|
Granulation
|