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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
a malignat neoplasm arising from the bile duct |
cholangiocarcinoma
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congenital dialation of the common bile duct. usually found in children |
choledochal cyst |
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stones in the biliary tree |
choledocholithiasis |
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progressive obliteration of the extrahepatic and proximal intrahepatic bile ducts, as well as the gallbladder. Usually diagnosed within the first 2 weeks of life |
Billiary Atresia |
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enzyme involved in protein metabolism. Increased in alcoholic hepatitis , jaudice and cirrhosis. Formerly called serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase SGPT |
ALT alanine aminotransferase |
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enzyme involved in sythesis of amino acids. Elevated in acute hepatitis and cirrhosis. Formerly called serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase SGOT |
AST asparte aminotransferase |
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Lactic dehydrogenase. Enzyme that catalyses the formation and removal of lactate. Elevated with liver disease. |
LDH
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A type of cholangiocarcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the common hepatic ducte bifurcation. |
Klatskin tumor |
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Anemia resulting from distruction of red blood cells. Either congenital or acquired from a variety of causes including various infections |
hemolytic anemia |
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Fibrous membrane that surrounds the liver, as well as the portal triads within the liver |
Glisson's capsule |
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Gamma glutamyl transferase Billiary enzyme that increases with obstructive jaudice and liver disease. |
GGT
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Infiltration of hepatocytes by lipids. Eventually results in fat cells being surrounded by fibrous material. Common cause include hepatitis, diabetis, metabolic disorders, and pregnancy. May be focal or diffuse. |
Fatty infiltration |
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the extrahepatic portal vein becomes thombosed and is replaced by numerous collateral veins in the portal hepatis |
Cavernous Transformation of the portal vein |
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Enzyme that catalyses the cleavage of inorganic phosphate elevated with biliary obstruction |
alkaline phosphate |
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the point at which the common bile duct and pancreatic duct enter the duodenum |
ampula of vater |
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vein that arises from the splenic vein in the midline and courses superior and to the left. Becomes dilated in the setting of portal hypertension. |
coronary vein |
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enlarged, palpable gallbladder. Results from distal obstruction of the common bile duct secondary to a pancreatic head mass |
Courvoisier Gallbaldder. |
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Drains the gallbaldder. Joins common hepatic duct to form the CBD |
cystic duct |
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disease process in which large quantities of glycogen are abnormally deposited within the liver, resulting in fatty infiltration and tumors. |
Glycogen storage disease |
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Inflammation of the liver due to viral infection of less commonly, autoimmune disease. May be acute or may become chronic after an acute episode. |
Hepatitis |
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Diffuse disease affecting the liver parenchyma such as cirrhosis, fatty infiltrationor hepatitis |
Hepatocellular disease
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portal vein flow away from the liver. This patter can be seen in patients with severe portal hypertation |
hepatofugal |
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normal portal vein flow, toward the liver |
hepatopetal
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Yellow pigmentation of the skin due to excessive bilirubin accumulation. Usually secondary to liver or biliary disease |
jaudice(ictreus)
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Transverse fissue on the viscral surface of the liver in which the cbd , proper hepatic artery and mpv, run along side each other as they leave or enter liver |
porta hepatis
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portal vein, hepatic artery, biliary duct |
portal triad |
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autoimmune disease resulting in irreversible destruction of the liver and bile ducts |
primary biliary cirrhosis
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Dilated vins |
varices
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increased portal venous pressure usually secondary to liver disease (most common cirrhosis) leads to dilation of the portal vein with splenic and superior mesenteric vein enlargemnt , splenomegally and formation of collaterals can also be caused by portal or splenic vein thrombosis |
portal hypertantion |
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annular sheath of muscle contraction around the ampula of vater |
Sphincter of oddi
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Regenearing areas of hepatocytes surrounded by fibrotic septa |
regenerating nodule
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also called varices. Dilated veins that occur with protal hypertantion. Seen proncipally in the region of the portal hepatis, pancreas and splenic hilum |
collaterals |
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portion of the biliary duct formed by the confluence of the righ and left hepatic ducts |
common hepatic duct |
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progressive hepatocellular disease. Common cause include excessive alchohol or drug use and viral infection |
cirrhosis |
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portion of the biliary duct formed by the confluence of the common hepatic duct and cystic duct |
cbd |
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Yellowish pigment in bile formed by red blood cells breakdown. Increases with hepatic disorders in which metabolism is impared, such s cirrhosis or hepatitis. Also incrases with obstuctive disese such as gallstones. Bilirubin is classified as direct or indirct direct -conjugated indirect- unconjugaed |
bilirubin |