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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Similarities between public speaking and conversation
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organizing your thoughts logically, tailoring your message to the audience, telling a story for maximum impact, adapting to listener feedback
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Differences between public speaking and conversation
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public speaking is more highly structured, requires more formal language, requires a different method of delivery
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Stage Fright
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anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience
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adrenaline
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a hormone released into the blood stream in response to physical or mental stress
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positive nervousness
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controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for her or his presentation
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Dealing with nervousness
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acquire speaking experience, prepare, think positively, use the power of visualization, can't see nervousness, don't expect perfection
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visualization
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mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures herself or himself giving a successful presentation
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critical thinking
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focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and differences between fact and opinion
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the speech communication process
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speaker, message, channel, listener, feedback, interference, situation
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speaker
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the person who is presenting an oral message to the listener
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message
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whatever a speaker communicates to someone else
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channel
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the means by which a message is communicated
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listener
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the person who receives the speakers message
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feedback
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the messages, usually non-verbal sent from a listener to a speaker
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interference
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anything that impedes the communication of a message, interference can be external or internal to listeners
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situation
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the time and place in which speech communication occurs
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ethnocentrism
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the belief that ones own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures
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Ethics
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The branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs
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Ethical decisions
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Sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against a set of ethical standards or guidelines
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Guidelines for ethical speaking
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make sure your goals are ethically sound, be fully prepared for each speech, be honest in what you say, avoid name calling & other forms of abuse language, & ethical principles into practice
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Name calling
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The use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individuals or groups
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Plagiarism
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Presenting another persons language or ideas as one's own
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Global plagiarism
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Stealing a speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as one's own
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Patchwork plagiarism
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Stealing ideas or language from two or 3 sources and passing them off as ones own
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Incremental plagiarism
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Failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people (quotations & paraphrases)
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Paraphrase
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To restate or summarize an authors ideas in one's own words
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Listeners have ethical obligations
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1) listen courteously and attentively, 2) avoid prejudging the speaker, 3) maintain the free and open expression of ideas
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Hearing
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The vibration of sound waves on the ear drums and the firing of electrochemical impulses in the brain
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Listening
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Paying close attention to and making sense of what we hear
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Appreciative listening
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Listening for pleasure or enjoyment
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Empathetic listening
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Listening to provide emotion support
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Comprehensive listening
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Listening to understand the message
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Critical listening
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Listening to evaluate a message for purpose of accepting or rejecting it
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Spare "brain time"
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The difference between the rate at which most people talk and the rate at which the brain can process language
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Rate of words spoken
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120-150 words a minute
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Rate at which brain can process language
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400-800 words a minute
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4 causes of poor listening
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Not concentrating, listening too hard, jumping to conclusions, focusing on delivering and personal appearance
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Tips to become a better listener (know 5 out of 7)
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Take listening seriously, be an active listener, resist distractions, don't be diverted by appearance & delivery, suspend judgement, focus your listening, & develop note taking skills
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When focusing your listening...
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listen for main points, evidence, and technique
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The basic questions to ask about a speaker evidence (know 3 out of 4)
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1) is it accurate? 2) is it taken from objective sources? 3) is it relevant? 4) is it sufficient in supporting?
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Key-word outline
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An outline that briefly notes a speakers main points and supporting evidence in rough outline form
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