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56 Cards in this Set
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Type of sport psychologist that is trained to deal with severe emotional, cognitive, and behavioral disorders such as eating disorders and substance abuse
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Clinical sport psychologists
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Type of sport psychologist who usually comes from an exercise science background with heavy emphasis on kinesiology, motor learning, and the psychology of human movement. They are qualified to perform performance enhancement consultations
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Educational Sport Psychologists
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Sport psychology orientation that focuses on how environmental factors, especially reinforcement and punishment, influence behavior
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Behavioral
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Sport psychology orientation that examines the processes of the brain and their influences on movement
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Psychophysiological
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Sport psychology orientation that examines how the environment and cognition interact to influence behavior
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Cognitive-behavioral
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Sport psychology orientation that focuses on how the social aspects of physical activity influence performance and cognition
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Social-cognitive
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Research study that created a Continuum that studies levels of research, looking at applied research versus basic
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Christina 1989
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Research that focuses on solutions to practical issues with no requirement to develop theory based knowledge. ex: Research to cure a specific aspect of a disease
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Applied research
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Research that has no specific focus. It develops theory based knowledge with no relevance to solving practical problems
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Basic research
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First person to perform sport psychology experiment. He performed the bicycle experiment and discovered social fascilitation
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Norman Triplett
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Father of sport psychology who began the first organized effort to study the psychology of sport at University of Illinois. He was also the first applied sport psychologist, working with the Chicago Cubs in the 1920s.
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Coleman Giffith
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Who was Coleman Griffith's fishing buddy?
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Einstein
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First person to give scientific credibility to sport psych. He was the father of motor learning and worked at Cal Berkley
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Franklin Henry
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Man who internationalized sport psychology. Held a conference in Rome in which the International Society of Sport Psychologists was created in 1967
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Ferruccio Antonelli
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Father of applied sport psychology who worked with a lot of athletes
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Bruce Ogilvie
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the complex process governing the direction and intensity of effor
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Motivation
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An individuals orientation to strive for task success persist in the face of failure, and experience pride in accomplishments. It is based on self comparison and is an internal motivation
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Achievement motivation
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A predisposition to strive for satisfaction when making comparisons with some standard of excellence in the presence of evaluative others. It is based on social comparison and evaluation and is an external motivation
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Competitiveness
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Theory that looks at the differences in personality factors, situational influences, resultant tendencies, emotional reactions, and achievement behavior differ in high achievers versus low achievers
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Need achievement theory
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According to this theory, high achievers demonstrate a high motivation to achieve success and a low motivation to avoid failure
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Need achievement theory
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Theory that suggests high achievers prefer situations where there is a 50/50 chance of success, whereas low achievers prefer situations with better odds
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Need achievement theory
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Theory that suggest that high achievers seek challenges whereas low achievers tend not to fear losing but rather the negative evaluation that goes with it
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Need achievement theory
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According to the Need Achievement Theory, do high achievers focus more on the feelings of pride or those of shame?
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Pride
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Theory that focuses on how people explain successes and failures (interpret outcomes), and proposes that these explanations influence their expectations and emotional reactions which will affect future achievement motivation
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Attribution Theory
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According to the Attribution Theory, what falls in between a stimulus (success or failure) and a reaction?
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Cognition
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Study that proposed people explain outcomes using four reasons: ability (skill level), effort (I tried my hardest or I could have tried harder), task difficulty, and luck.
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Heider
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Study that furthered the work of Heider by subdividing Heider's outcome explanations into locus of causality (internal vs external), stability, and locus of control (controllable or uncontrollable)
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Weiner
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Ability is [Internal/External], [Stable/Unstable], [controllable/uncontrollable]?
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Internal, stable, uncontrollable
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Effort is [Internal/External], [Stable/Unstable], [controllable/uncontrollable]?
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Internal, ustable, controllable
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Task difficulty is [Internal/External], [Stable/Unstable], [controllable/uncontrollable]?
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External,stable, uncontrollable
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Luck is [Internal/External], [Stable/Unstable], [controllable/uncontrollable]?
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External, unstable, uncontrollable
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An attributional style in which the athlete attributes failure to an internal, stable, and uncontrollable reason
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Dysfunctional
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An attributional style in which the athlete attributes failure to an internal, unstable, and controllable reason
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Functional
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Theory that is based upon the interactions of achievement goals, perceived ability, and achievement behavior. It is based upon the idea that we need to understand what success and failure mean to someone to understand motivation
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Achievement goal theory
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Achievement goals that focus on comparing performance with others and defeating others. These goals are problematic because individuals have no control on how others perform
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Outcome (Competitive) Goals
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Achievement goals that focus on comparing performance standards against personal standards. They usually lead to stronger work ethic and persistence due to the desire to better oneself
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Task (Performance) Goals
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Stage for developing achievement motivation that occurs before the age of 4 in which the individual focuses on mastering their environment and self tests. They rarely compare themselves to others
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Autonomous competence stage
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Stage of developing achievement motivation that usually begins around age 5, and focuses directly on comparing oneself with others.
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Social Comparison Stage
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Stage in developing achievement motivation that involves both social comparison and autonomous achievement strategies. There is a knowledge of when it is appropriate to compare oneself to others
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Integrated Stage
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The process by which doing something results in a positive consequence
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Positive reinforcement
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The removal of a consequence that increases the frequency of a targeted behavior
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Negative reinforcement
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The process by which people are reinforced to avoid a behavior due to the unpleasant consequences that result from that behavior
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Punishment
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When individuals strive inwardly to be competent and self determining. Ex: Participating for the love of sport
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Intrinsic motives
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When individuals strive to achieve rewards from other people or things. Ex: participate for the love of stuff
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Extrinsic motives
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Theory created by Deci and Ryan in which the way intrinsic motivation in influenced is dependent on the perception of the reward. ex: Scholarships can tell you you're a good athlete or student, but you may become controlled by the scholarship in that your drive is determined by what you have to do to keep the scholarship
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Cognitive Evaluation Theory
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Aspect of Cognitive Evaluation Theory that decreases intrinsic motivation and makes people feel controlled by the reward in that their reason for participating in sport, school, etc. resides outside the individual. Ex: I don't like football any more but I have to keep playing to keep my scholarship
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Controlling aspect
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Aspect of Cognitive Evaluation Theory that can either increase or decrease intrinsic motivation based upon if positive or negative information is provided about one's competency
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Informational aspect
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A holistic sensation when people feel they are totally involved in an activity (on auto-pilot).
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Flow
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Theory by Deci and Ryna that followed up Cognitive Evaluation Theory and contends that people can be motivated because they value an activity (psychological needs) or because there is strong external coercion (social context)
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Self Determination Theory
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The level of mastery one perceives or a sense of being effective in one's interactions with the environment
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Competence
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The degree to which one is in control of one's actions or the opportunity for choice in participation
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Autonomy
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The degree to which one feels a sense of "belongingness and connectedness with others"
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Relatedness
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According to the Self Determination Theory, increased competence, autonomy, and relatedness increase what?
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Motivation
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Individual who proposed a hierarchical model of motivation that operates at three distinct levels: global, contextual, situational
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Vallerand
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Social factors that allow individuals to see themselves as competent in one aspect of their life (such as as a student) but not in others (such as as an athlete)
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Contextual factors
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Situational factors that allow a person to view themselves as competent in one particular aspect of something (such as at derivatives in calculus) but not in other aspects (such as at integrals in calculus)
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Situational factors
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