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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Meaning of stratified
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divide into groups with similar characteristics. choose a sample from group
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Meaning of Cluster
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dissimilar groups are already divided. choose entire group.
Ex) an airport. pick 5 flights and sample them. |
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process of matched pair
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Subjects -->paired--> treatment 1
-->treatment 2 |
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Def & Process of block design
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similar subjects formed then randomly assigned to treatment groups.
Subjects--> block (randomized) --> treatment 1 -->treatment 2 |
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Mild Lower fence formula
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Q1 - 1.5 (IQR)
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Mild upper fence formula
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Q3 + 1.5 (IQR)
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Extreme lower fence formula
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Q1 - 3 (IQR)
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Extreme upper fence formula
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Q3 + 3 (IQR)
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Measure of center for symmetric distribution
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Mean
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Measure of spread for symmetric distribution
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Standard Deviation
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Measure of center for Skewed Distribution
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Median
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Measure of spread for skewed distribution
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IQR
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Mean > median
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Skewed right
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Mean < Median
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Skewed left
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Mean = median
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Approximately symmetric
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Interquartile Range
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IQR = Q3 - Q1
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When to use Z = (X-U)/ O
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When its normal distribution
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Correlation Coefficient (r)
Positive weak |
0 < r < .3
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Correlation Coefficient (r
Negative weak |
-.3 < r < 0
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Correlation Coefficient (r)
Positive, moderate |
.3 < r < .7
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Correlation Coefficient (r)
Negative, moderate |
-.7 < r < -.3
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Correlation Coefficient (r)
Positive Strong |
.7 < r < 1
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Correlation Coefficient (r)
Negative Strong |
-1 < r < -.7
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Residual formula
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e = real (y) - Yhat (predicted)
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Meaning of negative residual
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Prediction is too high
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Meaning of positive residual
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Prediction is too low
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When to use P(A U B)
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to find the probability of both A AND B or both occuring
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If A and B are disjoint (CANNOT occur at the same time) then P(A U B) formula is
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P (A) + P (B)
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When to use P (A n B)
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to find the probability of both A AND B occurring (the overlap)
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If A and B are independent then P (A n B) =
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P(A) * P(B)
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For independent events P(A U B) =
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P(A) + P(B) - P(A) * P(B)
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Properties of Binomial Distribution (4)
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Fixed number of trials/observations, trials are independent, only two outcomes: success or failure, probability of success is the same for each trial
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Properties of Approximate normal distribution (for NUMBER) (3)
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Above properties for a binomial must be satisfied, NP and NQ > 10, SRS
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Properties of approximate distribution for sample PROPORTIONS (4)
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Sampled values are independent,NP and NQ > 10, SRS, sample < 10% of population
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If it is number and NP and NQ is NOT greater than 10, then the sampling distribution is:
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X ~ B( n,p)
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If it is a number and NP and NQ is greater than 10, then the sampling distribution is:
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X~AN (p, sqrt((pq)/n)
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If it is a proportion and NP and NQ are satisfied then the sampling distribution is:
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Phat ~ AN(U, O)
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Normal distribution notation
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X~N(U,O)
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Empirical Rule
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68-95-99.7
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if it is normal approximation to binomial. how to find mean and standard deviation
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Mean = np
Standard deviation= sqrt(np(1-p)/n) |
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Margin of error formula
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Z* (sqrt((pq)n))
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If given C.I, find Point of estimate
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(upper + lower) / 2
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If given C.I, find ME
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(upper - lower) /2
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alpha =
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1 - confidence level
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Confidence interval =
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1 - alpha
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Type I error
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mistakenly reject the null. Ho is TRUE but we mistakenly said it was FALSE.
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Type II error
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failed to reject the null. Ho is FALSE but we mistakenly said it is TRUE.
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P (A n B) means
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probability of A AND B
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P ( A U B) means
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probability of A OR B
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