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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Range
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Range= Highest score - Lowest Score
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Interval Width
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i = Range/ number of class intervals
(When there is a decimal round to the same number place in the raw scores.) |
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Listing Intervals
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1. Lower limit interval must contain the lowest score
2. Lower limit must be divisible by i. |
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Summing into frequencies
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After tallying each score convert tally marks into frequencies. Add to find the frequencies.
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Relative Frequency Distribution
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indicates the proportion of the total number of scores that occur in each interval. To figure,
Relative f = f / N |
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Cumulative Frequency Distribution
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indicates the number of scores that fall below the upper real limit (URL) of each interval. Good for finding percentiles and percentile ranks
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Cumulative Percentage Distribution
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indicates the percentage of scores that fall below the upper real limit of each interval.
cum% = cum f / N x 100 |
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Percentile or Percentile Point
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the value on the measurement scale below which a specified percentage of the scores in the distribution fall. Ex. 60th percentile point is the value on the measurement scale below which 60% of the scores in distribution fall.
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Equation for finding Percentile Point
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Percentile Point = Xlrl + (# interval units divided by # of interval scores)(cum f % minus cum freq lower real limit)
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Percentile Rank
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percentage of scores with values lower than the score in question or the % rank of a raw score
Percentile Rank = cum fl + (fi / i) (X - Xl) / N x 100 |
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Horizontal Axis
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1. Horizontal axis is the abscissa, or X axis
2. Independent variable is plotted on X axis 3. Scores from Frequency Distribution are plotted on X |
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Verticle Axis
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1. Vertical axis is called ordinate or Y axis,
2. Dependent variable is plotted on Y axis 3. Frequency of score values plotted on Y axis |
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Bar Graph
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1. Used to record Nominal and ordinal data
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Histogram
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1. Used to represent frequency distributions composed of interval or ratio
2. Height of bar corresponds to class interval 3. Intervals are continuous the verticle bars must touch |
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Frequency Polygon
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1. Represents interval or ratio data.
2. Points instead of bars are used and connected with lines. 3. displays scores as though concentrated at the midpoint of interval. |
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Symmetrical
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A curve is symmetrical if when folded in half the two sides coincide
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Skewed
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When a curve is not symmetrical.
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Positively Skewed
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most of the scores occur at the lower values of the horizontal axis and the curve tails off toward the higher end
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Negatively Skewed
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most of the scores occur at the higher values of the horizontal axis and the curve tails off toward the lower end
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Stem and Leaf Diagram
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1. Alternative to histograms when describing and summarizing data with less than 100 scores
2. Does not lose any of the original data |