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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bronchoconstriction is mediated by what two pathways?
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inflammation and sympathetic tone. tx for asthma is aimed at both pathways.
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What is Isoproterenol?
- SE? |
prototypical nonselective Beta-agonist.
- tachycardia thru B1 stimulation. |
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Describe the difference b/t albuterol and salmeterol.
- adverse affects of salmeterol? |
both are B2 agonists. Use albuterol for acute attacks, have to tx w/salmeterol for awhile to get it on board (maintenance)
- tremor (opposite of what B-blockers do), arrhythmia |
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What is the prototypical Methylxanthine?
- how does it work? - toxicities? - metabolized by what? |
Theophylline
- inhibits PDE and adenosine receptors. PDE inhibition decreases cAMP hydrolysis into AMP --> bronchodilation. - neuro, cardio... they limit use, this drug isn't used much anymore. - P450 |
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What is Ipatropium?
- also used to tx what, in addition to asthma? |
muscarinic antagonist (competitive), preventing bronchoconstriction.
- COPD |
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What does Cromolyn do?
- effect in what way? |
prevents mast cell degranulation.
- prophylaxis of asthma. |
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ATP gets turned into cAMP by what?
- what drugs works at this juncture and how? cAMP gets turned into AMP how? - what drug works here and how? |
Adenylate cyclase (AC)
- B-agonists stimulate this. the more cAMP, the more relaxation/bronchodilation. PDE - Theophylline inhibits PDE. This is how PDE drugs work for vasodiation in the penis drugs. |
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Stimulations @ which two types of receptors INCREASES bronchial tone? which drugs work @ these receptors?
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Muscarinic and Adenosine.
Ipratropium competitively inhibits muscarinics, and adenosine receptors are blocked by theophylline. |
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What are the two corticosteroids used in pulmonary dz?
- mechanism? |
Beclomethasone, prednisone
- inhibit virtually all cytokines. Inactivate NF-KB, the transcription factor that induces the production of TNF-a. |
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What is the 1st line therapy for chronic asthma?
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Corticosteroids: Beclomethasone, Prednisone.
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How does zileuton work?
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5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor. blocks conversion of arachadonic acid to leukotrienes.
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How does Zafirlukast, and montelukast work?
- great for what? |
block leukotriene receptors.
- ASA induced asthma. |
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what are great drugs for treating ASA induced asthma?
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Zafirlukast, montelukast. leukotriene receptor blockers.
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What is used as a mucolytic in CF pts, that can also be an antidote for acetaminophen OD?
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NAC
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What does Guaifenesin do?
- does it suppress the cough reflex? |
removes excess sputum when given in large doses.
- no. |
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What is a good drug used to tx pulmonary HTN?
- mechanism? |
Bosentan
- competitively antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors, thereby decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance. |
