Structural

+A body acted upon by a balanced force system is ewuilibrium

+resultant is equal zero

+action & reaction forces bet. Two particles are always equal and oppositely directed

The action of one body upon another

*due to direct contact

*due to magnetic or gravitarional attraction

*generated by moving bodies - inertia force

Is a single force, a couple, or a force and a couple which acting alone will produce the same effect as the force system

State that the external effect of a force on a body upon is independent of the point of application of the force but the same for all points along its line of action

Is an arrangement of any two or more forces that act on a body or a group of related bodies

A sketch of a body showing the forces exerted by other bodies on the one being considered

Concurrent force having the same line of action, the vector sum of which is the algebraic sum of the magnitudes of the forces, acting along the same line of action

Forces that operate in a single plane

Forces having lines of action intersecting at a commom point

The proposition that the vector sum of two concurrent forces csn be described by the diagonal of a parallelogram having adjacent sides which represent the two force vectors being added

A single vector equivalent to and peoducing the same affect on a body as the application of two or more given vectors

Also called resultant

*Load is acting parallel to member axis

*stress is uniform for homogenous sections.

*Due to tension-tends to elongate the body

*due to compression-tends to shorten the body

Stress due to a bending moment about the perpendicular axis of the member

Stress due to load acting perpendicular to member axis

Stress due to moment about the member axis

Stress due to direct contact between two bodies

Is an articulated structure composed of links or bars assumed to be connected by frictionless pin at the joints and arranged so that an area enclosed within the boundaries of the strucrure is diveded by the bars into geometric figures which are usually triangles

Maximum force per unit area that may be safety applid to solid

Pratt truss

Howe Truss

Fink truss

Modified fink truss

Bowstring truss

Cresent truss

Through pratt truss

Through howe truss

Deck warren truss

Through warren subdivided

K truss

Lattice/parker/baltimore

Internal stress caused by compressive force

Usually a horizontal or nearly horizontal element carrying a stress primary due to shear and flexture. It usually carry a load directly from thr floor

Is a structure in which the reaction compoments & internal stresses can be completely determined using the equations of static ewuilibrium

The extent of space bet. Two supports of a structure

The distance bet. The inner faces of the supports of a span

The center to center distance bet. The supports of a span

An external moment tending moment tending to cause part of structure to rotate or bend, equal to the algebra sum of the moments about the neutral axis of the section under consideration

The perpendicular distance a spanning member deviates from a true course under transverse loading, increasing w/ load & span and decreasing w/ an increase in the moment if inerta of the section or the modulus of elasticity of the material

An internal moment equal and opposite ro a bending moment, generated by a force couple to maintain equilibrium of the section being considered

A slight convex curvature intentionally built into a beam, girder,or truss to compensate for an anticipated deflection

An external shear force at a cross section of a beam or other member subject to bending, equal to the algebraic sum of transverse force on one side of the section

An imaginary line passing through the centroid of the cross section of a beam or other member subject to bending, along which no bending stress occur

A combination of compressive & tension stresses developed at a cross section of a structural member to resist a transverse force, having a max. Value at the surface furthest from the neutral axis

The shearing stress developed along a cross section of a beam to resist transverse shear, havung max. value at the neutral axis and decreasing nonlinearly toward the outer faces

The shearing stress developed to prevent slippage along longitudinal planes of a beam under transverse loading, equal at any point to the vertical shearing stress at the point.

Also called longitudinal shearing stress

A formula defining the relationship between bending moment

A skeletal structure of relatively slender members designed to give shape and support to a building or other construction

A structural frame whose resistance to lateral forces is provided by diagonal or other type of bracing

A structural frame whose resistance to lateral forces is provided by diagonal or other type of bracing

A structural frame of linear members rigidly connected at their joints. Applied loads produces axial, bending, & shear forces in all members of the frame since the rigid joints restrain the ends of the members from rotating freely.

A rigid frame is statically indeterminate and rigid only in its plane

A rigid frame connected to its supports w/ pin joints.

A structured assembly of two rigid sections connected to each other and to its supports w/ pin joints

A virtual hinge that develops when all fibers are fully yielded at a cross section of a structural member

A rigid frame connected to its supports w/ fixed joints

The lateral displacement produced in a rigid frame by lateral loads or asymmetrical vertical loading

A building constructed w/ a steep triangular frame resting directly on a foundation

A frame beam structure having vertical web members rigidly connected to parallel top & bottom chords

The junction of the top and either of the uprights of a bent

A braced or rigid frame designed to carry vertical and lateral loads transverse to the length of a framed structure

A rigid frame of two columns and a beam defining a single bay. Also called single bay frame

A rigid frame having a continuous beam supported by and rigidly connected to three or more columns

A vertical series of superimposed rigid frames

A discontinuous column in a multistory frame, supported at some intermediate level where its load is transferred to adjacent columns

A girder supporting a transfer column

A rigid, relatively slender structural member designed primarily to support axial, compressive loads applied at the member ends

An upright, relatively slender shaft or structure, usually of brick or stone, used as a building support or standing alone as a moment

Stiff vertical support, esp. a wooden coloumn in timber framing

The sudden lateral or torsional instability of a slender structural member induced by the action of compressive load.

The axial load at which a column begins to deflect laterally and becomes unstable

The max. axial load that can theorectically be applied to a column w/o causing it to buckle

The critical point at which a column, carrying its critical buckling load, may either buckle or remain undeflected. In a state of neutral equilibrium

The thick column subject to failure by crushing rather than by buckling

A column having a mode of failure bet. that of a short column and a long column, often partly inelastic by crushing and partly elastic by buckling

A slender column subject to failure by buckling rather than by crushing

The amount by which an axis deviates from another parallel axis

The distance between inflection points in a column subject to buckling.

A set of tensile and compressive stresses resulting from the superposition of axial and bending stresses at a cross section of a structural member, acting in the same direction and equal at any point to their algebraic sum

Carries the roof load bet. trusses on rafters

Usually a sloping beam carrying the reaction of purlins

Carries the masonry across the opening made by a door or window

A closely spaced beams supporting the floor of a building

Similar to a joist, it carries the flooring of a bridge

Large-sized beams usually carrying thr floor beams

Spans bet. columns and support the floors and curtail walls

Lowermost spandrel of a building that has no basement

Circulation beam that transmits power to the machinery. also carries torsion in addtion to shear and flexure

Is a mixture of sand and gravel held together in a rock like mass with a paste of cement and water

Is a combination of concrete and steel wherein yhe steel reinforcement provides then tensile strength lacking in the concrete

4 for rectangular

6 for circular

3 for triangular

Clear distance of longitudinal bar should not be less 1.5b or 40mm

Not be less than 1% & greater than 8%

Min. 200mm