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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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White Blood Cells (total)
WBC |
* 5,000-10,000/mm3
* total # of circulating white blood cells. Fight infection & react aginst foreign bodies or tissues. Part of CBC * increase with: -infection, inflammation, stress/trauma, tissue necrosis, leukemia, dehydration. * decreas with: -depressed bone marrow function, autoimmune disease, vitamin defeciency, drug toxicity NURSING IMPLICATIONS: -increased WBC: -check temp., s/s infection/inflammation, assess for any txt-antibiotics? -decreased WBC: protect client from exposure to infection |
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Red Blood Cells
RBC |
female: 4.2-5.4 million/mm3
male: 4.7-6.1 million/mm3 * # of circulating RBC. part of a CBC, carry hemoglobin. 120 day viability (cycle) -increased with: COPD, congenital heart disease, severe dehydration, erythrocitosis -decreased with: anemia, hemorrhage, blood loss (or) dietary deficiency, bone marrow failure, pregnancy NURSING IMPLICATIONS: increased RBC: assess fluid balance, assess resp. status decreased RBC: assess fatigue, VS, dietary deficiencies (protein, iron), where is blood loss? or injury? |
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Hemoglobin (Hgb)
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f-12-16 q/dl M-14-18 q/dl
total amt Hgb in blood. serves for O2 & CO2 transport, component of CBC -increased with: COPD, congenital heart disease, severe dehydration, erythrocitosis -decreased with: anemia, hemorrhage, blood loss (or) dietary deficiency, bone marrow failure, pregnancy NURSING IMPLICATIONS: increased RBC: assess fluid balance, assess resp. status decreased RBC: assess fatigue, VS, dietary deficiencies (protein, iron), where is blood loss? or injury? |
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Hematocrit (HCT)
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f-37-47%, M 42-52%
* indirect measure of RBC # & volume. (%of total blood volume that is made up of RBC;s) component of CBC -increased with: COPD, congenital heart disease, severe dehydration, erythrocitosis -decreased with: anemia, hemorrhage, blood loss (or) dietary deficiency, bone marrow failure, pregnancy NURSING IMPLICATIONS: increased RBC: assess fluid balance, assess resp. status decreased RBC: assess fatigue, VS, dietary deficiencies (protein, iron), where is blood loss? or injury? |
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Sodium
Na+ |
136-145mEq/L
*component of serum electrolytes. Major cation in extracellular space. Sodium content in blood is balance of dietary intake & renal excretion. -Na increased increaed intake of sodium, excessive IV sodium, GI fluid loss-suctioning/vomiting, increaed sweating Na decreaed: decreaed intake or IV source, diarrhea, diuretic therapy, renal insufficiency NURSING IMPLICATIONS: assess sources of sodium, assess I&O, assess edema, assess weight |
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Potassium (K)
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3.5-5.0 mEq/L
-a serum electrolyte major cation in intracellular space. Balance (I & O out of cell) most important factor in maintaining membrane electrical potential (esp. neuromuscular tissue). need daily supply. *increased with: increased dietary or IV intake, renal failure, crush injuries/burns, hemolysis-, some diuretics, dehydration *decreased with: reduced dietary or IV intake, V&D, diuretics that pull out K+ when pulling out sodium & water NURSING IMPLICATIONS: assess sources of potassium, (food, meds), assess cardiac status, assess diuretic use, monitor K levels, check I & O to assess renal function--need funcitoning kidneys when taking potassium **when giving IV K, always diluted in IV solution, give via IV pump, never give IM, never give IV push |
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Chloride (Cl)
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90-110 mEq/L
-a serum electrolyte extracellular anion; with other lytes, helps determine acid-base balance and hydration sttus. Follows sodium *increased with: increased dietary or IV intake, renal failure, crush injuries/burns, hemolysis-, some diuretics, dehydration *decreased with: reduced dietary or IV intake, V&D, diuretics that pull out K+ when pulling out sodium & water NURSING IMPLICATIONS: assess sources of potassium, (food, meds), assess cardiac status, assess diuretic use, monitor K levels, check I & O to assess renal function--need funcitoning kidneys when taking potassium **when giving IV K, always diluted in IV solution, give via IV pump, never give IM, never give IV push |
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Calcium
Ca+ |
9.0-10.5mg/dl
*to evaluate parathyroid function & calcium metablolism. needed for muscle contractility, cardiac funciton, neural transmission and blood clotting. -increased with: vit D intoxication, bone tumors, prolonged immobilizaiton, hyperparathyroidism (parathyroid controls calcium level) -decreased with: inadequate intake, Vit D deviciency, renal failure, hypoparathyroidism NURSING IMPLICATIONS: assess intake of calcium & Vit D, renal function, cardiac function, constipation when calcium supplements given |
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Blood Urea Nitrogen
BUN |
10-20 mg/dl
-indirect & rough measurement of renal function & glomerular filtration (if normal liver function exists) also measures liver funciton -increased with: renal failure, dehydration -decreased with: liver failure, overhydration NURSING IMPLICATIONS: assess kidney function, check I&O |
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Creatinine
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f- o.5-1.1 mg/dl
m- 0.6-1.2 mg/dl -meaasures creatinine, catabolic phosphate, which is used in skeletal muscle contraction. totally excreted in kidney & directly proportional to renal excretory function *increased with: kidney disease, injur to skeletal muscle *decreased with: dibilitation, decreased muscle mass NURSING IMPLICATIONS: assess kidney function, asses I & O |
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Glocose (blood sugar)
FBS |
70-105 mg/dl
measures glucose (blood sugar)level. controlled by insulin & glucagon. *incresed with: diabetes mellitus, acute stress, diuretic & steroid use, chronic renal failure *decreased with: insulin overdose, starvation NURSING IMPLICATIONS: assess BS, stress/surgery/meds, diet, activity, insulin hypoglycemia:shaking, sweating, anxiety, headache, slurred speech, confusion, hunger, pale hyperglycemia:flushed, fatigue, headache, blurred vision, N & V, polyuria, polydyspia, polyphagie, fruity breath, coma |
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Cholesterol
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<200 mg/dl
cholesterol testing done to determine CAD; also evaluates hyperlipidemias *increased with: familial hyperlipidemia, hypercholoesterolemian, increased dietary sources *decreased with: malabsorption, malnutrition NURSING IMPLICATIONS: assess diet for increased fats, activity level, family history, weight, cardiac symptoms |
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Platelets (thrombocytes)
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150,000-400,000/mm3
-actual # (thrombocytes) platelets-formed in bone marrow--helps maintain blood vessel integrity. part of clotting process. *increased platelets: malignancies--leukemias/lymphomas (cells will be immature) *decreased with: hemorrhage, leukemias, chemotherapy NURSING IMPLICATIONS: with decreased platelets; assess bruising/bleeding |
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Prothrombin Time
protime PT |
11.0-12.5 seconds
-assess clotting ability of blood *increaed with: coumadin (warfarin) therapy (anticoagulant therapy), herditary factor diseases, vit K deficiency *decreased with: none significant NURSING IMPLICATIONS: assess therapeutic range, coumadin dose &frequency, bruising/bleeding, know antidote for overdose of coumadin=Vit K |
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Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time
(APTT) (PTT) |
APTT 30-40 seconds, PTT 60-70 seconds
-assesses clotting ability of blood *increased with: heparin therapy, herdedity factor deficiencies, Vit K deficiencies *decreased with: extensive cancer NURSING IMPLICATIONS:assess therapeutic range 1.5-2x control, heparin dose & frequency, bruicing & bleeding, know antidot for overdose for heparin--protamine sulfate ass |
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Urinalysis
UA |
appearance-clear color-amber yellow, odor-aromatic,
ph-4.6-8.0 (avg 6.0) protein 0-8 mg/dl specfic gravity-1.005-1.030 negative for: glucose, leukocytes, nitrites, ketones, crystals, casts, RBC, WBC; RBC < 2; WBC-0-4 *routine diagnostic & screening test. helps to evaluated kidney function &other metabolic processes. TEST SIGN; low sg-dilute urine; high sg-concentrated urine, + glucose=diabetes, +ketones=assess diabetes,DKA +WBC=infection, +nitrites=kidney disease +RBC=assess menses, UTI, irritation NURSING IMPLICATIONS: collect specimen correctly, asses I & O |
